Developing a Rating System to Measure Importance of Performance Metrics in Wins in Division 1 College Basketball

A kinetic and spectroscopic study of tetrahydrodipicolinate N-succinyltransferase (DapD) from Serratia marcescens and its inactivation by Cu2+.

Investigating the Antimicrobial Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum Postbiotics on Enteric Pathogenic Bacteria

Presenter(s):  Maddi Roberts
Mentor(s):  Brad Bennett
Session: 1
Poster #: C1 

Abstract: Probiotics, live microbes in certain foods such as yogurts and fermented vegetables, interact in a mutualistic way with humans. They provide a myriad of benefits; for example, Lactobacillus probiotics can colonize the gut and provide barrier protection against pathogens. Postbiotics (Pbxs) are soluble organic compounds and macromolecules secreted by a probiotic bacteria growing in culture. A Lactobacillus plantarum strain previously used in our laboratory (ATCC 14917) was cultured, and the Pbx fraction was separated from the probiotic cells through a series of centrifugations and filtrations. The filtered Pbx fraction was used to conduct disk diffusion growth inhibition assays with BSL-2 strains of the enteric pathogens, Escherichia coli strain O157:H7 (a Gram-negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (a Gram-positive bacteria). Zones of growth inhibition (ZOIs) were measured and recorded after each assay. No inhibition zones were observed for S. aureus, whereas modest inhibition zones for E. coli were present on nearly all plates with the stock fraction, and a few were observed with 1:100 dilutions. These results suggest that L. plantarum Pbx may exhibit selective antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative pathogens, but not against Gram-positive pathogens..

Sleep Deprivation on Activity Levels and Sleep-Related Gene Expression in Drosophila Melanogaster

Presenter(s): Jordyn Partain
Mentor(s): Katelynn Corder-Grier
Session: 1
Poster #: D4

Abstract: As the human body endures long periods of wakefulness, the more the body feels the need for sleep. To create this need or push for sleep, the brain will begin to overproduce certain proteins that are involved in sleep regulation. For these proteins to be overproduced, the overexpression of the genes that encode these proteins would be required. This imbalance was created through the development of a sleep deprivation protocol. In this protocol, Drosophila melanogaster experienced seven days of mechanically induced sleep deprivation. Once the data was collected from these seven days, it was discovered that the flies experienced significantly less sleep than typical control, wild-type flies. Since the sleep deprivation protocol developed proved to be successful, this opens a new door for understanding how long periods of wakefulness affect the mechanisms underlying sleep and the mechanisms surrounding sleep in general.

Weevil Infestation Patterns Follow Masting and Drought in Six Oak Species in Central Alabama

Presenter(s):  Anna Caroline Flaming, Hayden Ledford, Arabella Hall, Bella Spry
Mentor(s):  Malia Fincher
Session: 1
Poster #: F1 

Abstract:  There are two major theories that account for the pulsed reproduction seen in oak masting: the weather hypothesis and the predator satiation hypothesis. The weather hypothesis suggests that masting is synchronized by shared regional weather patterns, while the predator satiation hypothesis proposes that non-mast years suppress seed predators, allowing large acorn pulses in mast years to escape predation and germinate. Acorn weevils, specialized acorn feeders with one generation per year, are a key seed predator. We studied acorn production and weevil infestation in 230 trees of six oak species in Birmingham, AL, over eight years. Weekly acorn counts were conducted in 3 square meter plots under each tree each autumn. Results indicate that acorn production varies significantly by year and species, with drought years showing markedly lower yields. Infestation rates also vary by species and are higher in low-production years. These findings support the weather hypothesis, as oaks appear to synchronize masting based on regional environmental cues. Masting is somewhat coordinated across species, though exceptions occur. Drought significantly reduces acorn production, as observed in 2023 and 2024. Weevil infestation inversely tracks acorn production rather than responding directly to drought conditions. This suggests that both hypotheses contribute to oak masting dynamics, with weather influencing mast synchronization and predator satiation shaping seed survival and germination.

Detection of Established Populations of Dreissena polymorpha in Alabama Reservoirs

Presenter(s): Liz Farley
Mentor(s): Riley Lovejoy
Session: 1
Poster #: H2

Abstract: The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has been ranked among the world's worst invasive species. Adults settle on hard substrate and pose substantial threats not only to power and water infrastructure (by clogging pipes, increasing corrosion rates, etc.), but also to biodiversity of native taxa (through competition for limited resources and settling on native mussels). D. polymorpha was originally detected in the Great Lakes during the 1980s and has since become established in many states across the US. Though the species was first observed in Alabama in the 1990s and occurrences have been noted in multiple reservoirs, limited sampling for D. polymorpha has been conducted in our state. Because of this, a zebra mussel working group (composed of members of the Alabama Department of Natural Resources, USACE, and various other individuals) has been established to address the invasion of Alabama waters through monitoring, education, etc. This work aimed to compile and summarize existing data from multiple agencies / individuals, to sample reservoirs for zebra mussel veligers (planktonic larval stage) and other zooplankton to verify where established, reproducing, populations exist, and to conduct a risk assessment for Alabama reservoirs. Veliger and zooplankton sampling was conducted in summer 2024 in Pickwick, Wilson, Wheeler, Guntersville, Smith, Bankhead, Holt, and Oliver reservoirs. Veligers were observed and enumerated from all reservoirs except Bankhead and Smith, leading to the identification/confirmation of multiple active, reproducing, populations of D. polymorpha in our state.

Boosting Memory: Lactobacillus plantarum and Its Metabolites in a Drosophila Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Presenter(s):  Emma Downing, Emma Hamilton, Seth Hillis, Bekah Jackson, Sophia Waugh
Mentor(s): Harrison Taylor
Session: 1
Poster #: J3

Abstract:  Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands out as the most prevalent neurodegenerative condition in humans with notable impairments in memory. Lactobacillus-based probiotics have exhibited therapeutic effects in various AD models. These benefits have been attributed to postbiotics (PBx), the bioactive compounds secreted by probiotics. Postbiotics are safer, more stable, easier to store, and do not depend on gut colonization to be effective. However, evidence supporting the impact of postbiotics on AD remains limited. Hence, our goal is to evaluate the efficacy of both Lactobacillus-based probiotics and postbiotics at mitigating memory deficits in a fruit fly model of AD. Flies overexpressing 1) the human amyloid Beta precursor protein and 2) the human Beta-site APP cleaving enzyme in neuronal tissue will be used as AD model. Driver-alone cohorts will be used as controls. Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) will be cultured aerobically in Mann-deRosa-Sharpe (MRS) broth (Hardy Diagnostics, Santa Maria, CA) at 37 degrees Celsius for 18 hours. The bacteria will then be centrifuged, and the cell pellet (the probiotic fraction) reconstituted at a concentration of 1.0 x 109 CFU/mL. The upper 80% of the supernatant will be filtered and is the postbiotic fraction. Probiotic and postbiotic preparations will be diluted in 5% sucrose in a 1:2 ratio. Flies will receive 1) Lp, 2) Lp-PBx, or 3) sucrose through capillaries for 24 hours. Treatment will be repeated twice a week for two weeks. Food intake will be recorded per genotype, sex, and treatment group. Flies are generally attracted to light. To test their memory, flies will be trained to avoid light by pairing it to an adverse odor. After training, ~30 flies will be tested for dark preference. Trained flies will prefer the dark chamber however, if the fly's memory is impaired, the light chamber will be preferred. Our findings will support using postbiotics is a safer and more stable therapeutic alternative in AD without the risks associated with live probiotics.

Terrestrial Isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Alabama

Presenter(s): Ashley Bryant
Mentor(s): Kristin Bakkegard
Session: 2
Poster #: C5

Abstract:  Terrestrial isopods (suborder Oniscidea) in Alabama have been relatively understudied. The most recent published paper (2001) documented only four species. While considerable amounts of research have brought attention to the great biodiversity of snails, fish, and crayfish in the state, data on terrestrial isopod biodiversity remain scarce. In this study, we used research-grade observations from the online citizen-science platform iNaturalist, bycatch collections, scientific literature, biologically oriented websites, and consultations with other biologists to assess the species diversity of terrestrial isopods in Alabama. We found that there are 18 species of terrestrial isopods in Alabama. There are twice as many introduced species (12), than native (6). The introduced from Europe, Common Pill Woodlouse (Armadillidium vulgare), found in 58 of 67 Alabama counties, and the Nosy Pill Woodlouse (Armadillidium nasatum), found in 27 counties, have the greatest number of records, indicating they are commonly found and widely distributed. This work provides a critical update to, and a more complete understanding of, the terrestrial isopoda and their distribution in Alabama.

The Effect of a Charcot-Marie-Tooth Mutation on Lifespan, Sleep Behavior and Motor Function in Drosophila melanogaster

Presenter(s): Emma McBane
Mentor(s): Katelynn Corder
Session: 2
Poster #: D4

Abstract:  Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of genetically inherited peripheral neuropathies commonly characterized by distal sensory and motor involvement, with muscle weakness and atrophy, frequent sensory loss, and foot deformities. In addition, sleep disturbances have been suggested to be associated with the disease as well. In this study, we used a Drosophila melanogaster line with a mutation in the dynamin-2 gene, modeling an autosomal dominant form of CMT. In this study, we investigated the lifespans, daily activity, sleep patterns, and climbing ability of this Drosophila model of CMT to determine its viability as a basic research model for further research. We found that this model mirrors some aspects of the human disease, including potential sleep disturbances.

Antibacterials Going Viral: Investigating Amish Amoxicillin as an Antimicrobial Agent

Presenter(s): Mary Mac Decker, Emily Ramcharan, Avery Stephens
Mentor(s): Kevin Drace
Session: 2
Poster #: F1

Abstract: The rise of antibiotic resistance has spurred interest in unconventional remedies, often promoted online with anecdotal claims. While some traditional medicines may have antimicrobial properties, their efficacy is largely untested, raising concerns about reliance on unverified treatments. This study evaluates the antimicrobial activity of Amish Amoxicillin (AA), a folk remedy gaining online attention, against Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogen. Using an agar well diffusion assay, we found the complete AA preparation produced a mean zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 20.3 mm, comparable to some antibiotics. To identify active ingredients, we tested each component individually and systematically omitted them from the mixture. S. aureus-inoculated plates were incubated at 30 degrees Celsius for 24 hours before measuring ZOI. Only apple cider vinegar and garlic exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, while other ingredients showed no inhibition. These findings suggest AA's antimicrobial effect stems primarily from these two ingredients rather than a synergistic interaction. This study contributes to research on natural antimicrobials by distinguishing evidence-based efficacy from anecdotal claims. While alternative antimicrobials may help combat antibiotic resistance, rigorous evaluation is essential to ensure safety and effectiveness. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms and clinical relevance of these active components.

A Rare, Segmented Worms Found in the Sulfur Waters of Blount Springs, AL, Has a Genetic Adaptation in the Structure of a Globin Molecule which Might Contribute to Its Sulfur Tolerance

Presenter(s): Kayleigh Simpson, Emma Thompson
Mentor(s): Dave Johnson
Session: 2
Poster #: H2

Abstract:  Previous members of our lab discovered a unique segmented worm surviving in the high-sulfur content waters of Blount Springs (BSp), AL in 2016. Blount Springs is historically significant, as it was once known as a health resort for its "healing" sulfur water. This annelid is a member of the very common, cosmopolitan species group Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, which recently was divided into ten species (Clades I through X). The BSp worm is most likely a member of Clade III. The worm represents a range extension of Clade III, since the only other Clade III populations are found in Belgium and Illinois, USA, and is also a habitat extension, since all other known members of the entire L. hoffmeisteri species complex live in freshwater.There is a unique pattern of amino acids involving a particular cysteine amino acid in extracellular globins that has been shown to be important in sulfur tolerance in other segmented worms. Using data from transcribed genes of the BSp worms, several expressed extracellular globin genes were identified that potentially have the sulfide-binding free cysteine known to contribute to sulfur tolerance. In this study, we PCR-amplified and sequenced the potential sulfide-binding region of three of these globin genes in the BSp L. hoffmeisteri and of the other members of Clade III. Our results confirm that the BSp worm has this apparently ancient, free cysteine for three globins. We also found that for the only other known Clade III worms, the sulfide-binding cysteine of one of the three genes is not present. This indicates that this gene might play a role in the BSp worm's sulfide tolerance. However, the sulfide-binding free cysteine for the two other genes is found in all three Clade III worms. We plan to compare the data from these three worms with those from globins of the only other member of the genus known to survive in high-sulfide waters, Limnodrilus sulphurensis, as well as with members of closely related L. hoffmeisteri clades.

Potential Quick Method to Predict Body Composition in Fish using Dual-Energy X-Ray

Presenter(s): Christopher Holbrook
Mentor(s): Anthony Overton
Session: 2
Poster #: J3

Abstract:  Fisheries scientists use a broad range of morphological, biochemical and physiological metrics to determine the health and nutritional condition of fishes. Many of these currently used methods are very invasive and require the animal to be sacrificed. We compared dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of fat, lean, bone mineral, and total tissue mass were compared with chemical analysis for fat, water, protein, total ash, and scale weight for five species of fish White Perch, Channel Catfish, Butterfish, Boston Mackerel, and Tilapia). The DXA measurement of the percentage of fat in was highly correlated (R2=0.71) to the chemical measurements, but these patterns differed among species. The total percent fat estimated by DXA was significantly lower than the chemical analysis estimates for Boston Mackerel and Butterfish. However, for Channel Catfish, Tilapia, and White Perch, the total percentage fat estimated by DXA was significantly higher than the chemical analysis estimates. Although on average DXA compared very well to chemical analysis, individual errors were much greater. Individual errors in the lean tissue and fat tissue components were strongly correlated with the fat content of skeletal muscle and the lean content of mesenteric fat. These results indicate that DXA could be a valuable research tool for measuring the composition of fishes.

Does long-term exposure to antibiotics cause pediatric gut dysbiosis?

Presenter(s):  Sydney Smith
Mentor(s): Rachel Bailey
Session: 2
Poster #: A6

Abstract:  Childhood antibiotic exposure has been linked to other diseases such as obesity, short bowel syndrome, allergic diseases, and asthma. Evidence suggests these issues are caused by gut dysbiosis, a reduction in the diversity of the stomach bacteria. This project explores the effects of long-term antibiotic exposure on the development of pediatric gut dysbiosis. A systematic review was conducted to find evidence of the result of antibiotic exposure on the alteration of the pediatric gut microbiome. Articles were found using PubMed. Of the 32 returned, 14 met the search criteria for review. All studies mention a decrease in alpha diversity of the gut. Specifically, a depletion of Bifidobacteria and Clostridium species was observed longitudinally over time (3 studies). The primary bacteria was replaced with pathogenic Enterococcus and Proteobacteria species (2 studies). Several correlations were made between gut dysbiosis and the future development of diseases (7 studies). Lastly, the effects associated with maternal antibiotic use and transmission of the gut microbiome to infants were noted (2 studies). Excessive exposure to antibiotics in childhood will significantly reduce the amount of healthy gut bacteria, and become a breeding ground for pathogenic species. In addition to the diseases stated above, gut dysbiosis strains the nervous and immune systems. The disruption of the pediatric gut microbiome should be considered when issuing antibiotics to children. Furthermore, the possibility of permanent damage should be analyzed.

Breaking the Bankruptcy Cycle: Analysis of Financial Risk Factors Among Professional Athletes

Infrared spectroscopic investigations of oligo(ethylene glycol)-based self-assembled monolayers on gold having different chain lengths and terminal groups conducive for binding enzymes

Presenter(s): Allison Sargent
Mentor(s): Brian Gregory
Session: 1
Poster #: B5

Abstract: Our research has centered on designing surfaces that can be used for the covalent binding of enzymes while simultaneously preventing nonspecific adsorption, which can lead to a loss of enzyme functionality. To this end, oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films on metal and dielectric surfaces are known to prevent nonspecific adsorption of proteins and enzymes, leading to easy removal of such materials by rinsing with solvent. This property has previously been linked to the formation of all-helical conformations within the OEG portions of the film. We are currently studying OEG SAMs that contain 5-10 EG units that are terminated by functional groups useful for binding biomolecules. The precursors for constructing these films are first synthesized in solution from two reagents: (1) 11-mercapto-undecylamine (MUAM), and (2) a bifunctional OEG precursor (R-(EG)n-R'), where n = 5-10 EG units, R = N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (NHS), and R' = NHS, azide, or methoxy functional group. Loss of the NHS functionality on one end of the bifunctional OEG leads to amide bond formation with the terminal amine of MUAM. The organization of these films is being explored using reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), which is highly sensitive to changes in the OEG vibrational modes that reflect the formation of helical conformers. Experimental RAIRS data indicate that compact, highly organized films form for all EG lengths explored, as evidenced by amide band intensities (consistent with observations from similar OEG SAMs in the literature). RAIRS also indicates the helical content within the OEG portion generally increases with the number of EG units. However, differences between terminal functional groups also appear to affect this trend, and in some cases periodic oscillations in helical content occur with increasing numbers of EG units. Information on OEG SAM film organization will be presented and discussed.

Studying Regioselectivity of Co-Catalyzed Indenone Synthesis

Presenter(s): Haley Roberts
Mentor(s):  Dale Wilger
Session: 1
Poster #: C4 

Abstract:  Indenones are biologically active molecules that display antibiotic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and pain-relieving qualities. Their effects are determined by regioselectivity, which is the preference of bond formations in specific locations on a molecule. High regioselectivity is favored for reactions since only one indenone regioisomer normally possesses the desired biological and/or medicinal properties. Previous transition-metal-catalyzed indenone syntheses have suffered from low regioselectivity. Our group has recently developed a Ni-catalyzed indenone synthesis reaction with predictable and high regioselectivity. Past work has also expanded our understanding of alkyne migratory insertion, the regioselectivity-determining step for these reactions. Because cobalt is known to be an efficient catalyst for indenone synthesis, we hypothesized that reactions catalyzed by this metal would exhibit similar regioselectivity effects. After developing a Co-catalyzed indenone synthesis and analyzing the products, our group concluded that the regioselectivity of Co-catalyzed reactions followed the same trend as that of Ni-catalyzed reactions. Although, indenone synthesis with cobalt was inherently more regioselective, indicating that the regioselectivity was more dependent on the electronic properties of the ester starting material. Additionally, these experiments have used silyl-substituted alkynes, so our group explored if the trend occurs using different alkynes. We found that alkyl and aromatic substituents do not demonstrate an electronic effect, signifying that the trend is only present with silyl substituents. This study demonstrates how subtle factors can impact alkyne migratory insertion and, ultimately, reaction regioselectivity. Furthermore, other transition-metal-catalyzed reactions should benefit from these observations since alkyne migratory insertion often determines their regioselectivity.

Chemical Diversification of Beta-Silyl-Substituted Indenones via Halogenation and Nucleophilic Substitution

Presenter(s): Jaren Lobb
Mentor(s): Dale Wilger
Session: 1
Poster #: D3 

Abstract: Indenones and indanones are a diverse class of molecules that very frequently display biological activity. Therefore, they have attracted considerable attention directed toward their synthesis. Our group has previously disclosed a Ni-catalyzed indenone synthesis that allows for the regioselective construction of beta-silyl-substituted products from commercially available benzoic acid esters and alkynes. Herein, we report synthetic methods to derivatize silyl-substituted indenones which have been previously reported by our group. Indenones and indanones are a diverse class of molecules that frequently display biological activity. Therefore, they have attracted considerable synthetic attention. Our group has previously disclosed both Ni-catalyzed and Co-catalyzed syntheses that allow for the regioselective construction of beta-silyl-substituted indenones from commercially available reactants. Herein, we report our efforts to synthesize beta-brominated indenones from our previously reported compounds. These beta-brominated indenones are previously unknown compounds themselves, and their utility in other synthetic reactions is demonstrated. These methods should greatly expand our ability to synthesize large numbers of structurally diverse indenones for the screening of biological activity.

An Analysis of Historical Content in Undergraduate-Level General Chemistry Textbooks

Presenter(s):  Allyson Parvin, Shaniyah Jacobs-Lanier
Mentor(s):  Megan Connor
Session: 2
Poster #:  D3

Abstract: Prior research demonstrates that teaching the history of science positively impacts students' scientific literacy. As a result, historical content is routinely included in undergraduate-level general chemistry textbooks. However, it is unclear what historical events are included and how their integration may impact students' understanding of foundational chemistry concepts. Such insight is needed to inform the design of curricular materials that effectively support students' understanding. This study investigates the nature of historical content included in undergraduate-level general chemistry textbooks using a content analysis approach. All historical events included in widely-published textbooks were first identified using a codebook developed by the project team. Once these events were identified, a cross-case analysis was conducted to identify which events appear across textbooks. Findings from this study provide an empirical foundation necessary for future research focused on how commonly included historical events may shape students' conceptual understanding.

Electronic Regioselectivity Effects in Ni-Catalyzed Indenone Synthesis

Presenter(s):  Sarah Plummer
Mentor(s):  Megan Connor
Session: 2
Poster #:  E2

Abstract: Indenone structures are present in a wide variety of biologically active natural products and synthetic compounds. Numerous transition-metal-catalyzed methods have been developed to synthesize indenones, including Pd, Rh, and Co catalysis. Despite 30 years of progress, certain key indenones remain challenging or impossible to synthesize in a direct and practical manner. For example, the synthesis of alkyl-substituted and silyl-substituted indenones has remained limited. Furthermore, reactions that do successfully synthesize these compounds in adequate chemical yields often suffer from impractically low regioselectivity. Regioselectivity refers to the specific constitutional isomer that is formed and is a reaction parameter that must be adequately controlled for the synthesis of any pharmacologically active species. Our group recently developed a Ni-catalyzed indenone synthesis reaction that provides alkyl-substituted and silyl-substituted indenones with exceptionally high yields under convenient conditions. In most cases the reaction regioselectivity is also predictably high. This research set out to determine whether a Ni-catalyzed process with aryl-substituted alkynes would display the same electronic control over regioselectivity. Our findings support that the previously observed electronic effect with silyl-substituted alkynes was very likely due to the lower electronegativity of silicon and the polarity of the C-Si bond.

Progress Toward the Synthesis of Novel Antibacterial Protonophores

Presenter(s):  Carson Jaworski, Luke Keffer
Mentor(s):  Christian Sanchez
Session: 2
Poster #:  H1

Abstract:  As antibiotic resistance continues to present an escalating threat to public health, the need for new antibiotics is dire. Protonophores are a structurally diverse class of compounds that hold great promise as novel antimicrobial agents. These molecules are characterized by their ability to disrupt the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane by dissipating the proton motive force. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between chemical structure and antibacterial activity. Currently, we are developing two independent routes towards the synthesis of synnepyrrole A and B, known protonophores with a pyrrole core. Herein, we describe progress toward the synthesis of synnepyrrole natural products and analogs. Once accessed, these compounds will form the basis for SAR studies to understand which structural characteristics are responsible for their biological activity.

Optimizing Lightweight Linux Distributions and Power Efficiency for Microcomputers

Presenter(s): Bennett Jakobsen, Ian Harrison
Mentor(s): Brian Toone, Anthony Winchester
Session: 1
Poster #: E2

Abstract:  The purpose of this project is to develop a lightweight Linux-based operating system optimized for low-power microcomputers such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi. While existing operating systems for these devices prioritize feature richness, our approach focuses on efficiency, aiming to refine a Linux distribution that can perform basic computing tasks with minimal resource consumption. Using the open-source Linux kernel and the "Linux from Scratch" methodology, we will build a streamlined OS, systematically removing unnecessary processes to enhance performance. Our research will assess boot times, task efficiency, and benchmarking results, comparing our optimized distribution against existing alternatives. The anticipated outcome is a functional, efficient Linux OS capable of running on resource-constrained hardware while maintaining usability. This project contributes to the broader field of embedded systems and operating system optimization, offering insights into software efficiency for low-power computing applications.

Comparing LiDAR and AI Depth Models: Accuracy, Limitations, and Potential Integration

Presenter(s): Cameron Wiebe
Mentor(s): Brian Toone
Session: 1
Poster #: B4 

Abstract:  Central Research Question: How accurately can AI-based depth models estimate depth compared to LiDAR, and what are their strengths, weaknesses, and potential for integration? Context: LiDAR provides highly accurate, lighting-independent depth measurements, while AI-driven models infer depth from 2D images, capturing greater detail but struggling in certain conditions. This study compares these technologies and explores AI-LiDAR integration for improved depth perception. Methods: This research utilizes Depth Compare to analyze depth data from: LiDAR (iPhone 15 Pro): Ground-truth data, reliable in all lighting conditions; AI-based models (Depth Pro, Depth Anything): Generate depth maps from images; Real-world imagery: Data from underground mines, geological formations, trails, and urban settings. Findings: AI models often outperform LiDAR in well-lit environments but lack true accuracy; AI fails in low-light or texture-less settings, sometimes predicting surfaces 0m away in darkness; LiDAR is the most reliable but has resolution and accessibility limitations; No effective low-light AI depth model exists, highlighting a research gap. Importance: By quantifying AI-LiDAR discrepancies, this study identifies where AI can complement or improve depth estimation. Developing a low-light AI model could significantly enhance reliability in challenging conditions. Contribution: This study benchmarks LiDAR and AI depth models, highlighting their limitations and potential integration. Key applications include: AR & VR: Enhancing real-time depth perception; Autonomous Systems: Improving AI-LiDAR navigation for self-driving cars, drones, and robots; Geological & Environmental Research: Supporting terrain mapping and cave exploration; Historical Preservation & Mine Mapping: Documenting abandoned sites for preservation; Urban Planning & Infrastructure: Cost-effective, high-detail 3D mapping.

Implementing A Toy Compiler

Presenter(s): Andrew DeSimone
Mentor(s): Brian Toone
Session: 1
Poster #: C3 

Abstract:  Central Research Question: How can a compiler for a toy programming language be effectively designed and implemented to translate source code into executable machine code? What are the key challenges in language design and compiler development? Context: Programming languages execute via compilation or interpretation. Compilation translates code into machine language for direct hardware execution, while interpretation runs code on a virtual machine without conversion. This project aims to develop a compiler for a toy programming language. Methods: The toy language will be defined by context-free and lexical grammars. The context-free grammar describes valid sentences, while the lexical grammar specifies valid words (lexemes). The front-end processes toy language programs into abstract sentences through two steps: Lexing - analyzes characters and identifies words; Parsing - analyzes words to construct sentences. The compiler's backend translates parsed sentences into hardware instructions for execution, unlike an interpreter, which executes sentences sequentially. Findings - To evaluate the compiler, correctness and performance will be measured: Correctness: Verified by running programs with known outputs to ensure accurate translation and execution; Performance: Measured by compilation time and runtime, compared against an interpreted language and an existing compiled language. These metrics will assess the compiler's accuracy and efficiency, highlighting strengths and areas for improvement. Importance: This project evaluates key assumptions in computer science. It is commonly believed that compilation offers better performance for large programs and that compiler optimizations improve execution efficiency. This project aims to empirically measure these differences, providing data to support or challenge these assumptions.

Red-Teaming Large Language Models: A Exploration of Jailbreaks and Adversarial Attacks

Presenter(s): Quincy Crittendon
Mentor(s):  Scott Crews
Session: 1
Poster #: H1

Abstract:  Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly powerful in the natural language processing field, but they also have vulnerabilities that can be exploited. This research seeks to understand these vulnerabilities by testing open-source LLMs for vulnerabilities that can be exploited by users to bypass safety features. Instead of performing these attacks on popular models like ChatGPT, DeepSeek, or Gemini, this research explores how adversarial prompts can be used to bypass open-source model limitations. In my research, I crafted prompts in an effort to trick the models into producing banned or problematic content, circumventing ethical guardrails, and testing the performance of their content moderation tools. I aim to identify weaknesses in current safety measures and suggest better ways to strengthen them. It is the goal of this research to contribute to the larger field of AI security by bringing attention to the necessity of stronger protections within AI systems. By a understanding of where these models can be manipulated, it is my goal to aid in the creation of more secure AI technologies and make suggestions to researchers, developers, and policymakers engaged in responsible AI development.

Researching the Security of Network Traffic and AI

Presenter(s): Isaac Friedman
Mentor(s): Scott Crews
Session: 1
Poster #: J2 

Abstract:  The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding, introducing innovative applications at an unprecedented rate. The potential use of AI by bad actors to accomplish new exploits is a topic of concern to many, including federal law enforcement. This research investigates the ease with which commercial AI chatbots, such as ChatGPT, can exploit network data by parsing and deciphering captured traffic. Utilizing the network analysis tool Wireshark, network traffic generated by basic web searches and video streaming was monitored and captured on a local network. Additionally, testing included evaluating the effectiveness of AI models in identifying hacking attempts from analyzed network data. This included simulated hacking attempts such as DDoS attacks and MAC flooding. It was found that publicly available LLMs are indeed capable of interpreting and decoding captured network traffic and were also capable of detecting hacking attacks. This indicates that bad actors have access to potentially dangerous knowledge and might already be utilizing these readily accessible tools to exploit network vulnerabilities. This research underscores the necessity for increased vigilance and improved security measures in the rapidly evolving intersection of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity.

A Comparison of On-Policy and Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning Performance in Strategy Board Games

Presenter(s): Joey Tarnowski
Mentor(s): Brian Toone
Session: 2
Poster #: C7

Abstract:  Reinforcement Learning (RL), which simulates repeated attempts of a task and "learns" based on rewards/punishments received in each attempt, is a widely used technique within AI to find efficient strategies in competitive or problem-solving environments. One major divide in RL is the use of "off-policy" vs. "on-policy" algorithms. In "off-policy" algorithms, determination of how the RL "agent" will act (the "behavior policy") is updated separately from the strategy the RL agent learns and refines over time (the "target policy"), while in "on-policy" algorithms, the behavior and target policies are kept and updated as one single policy. The tradeoffs between these two paradigms, such as the typically lower computational requirements of on-policy compared to the flexibility and sample efficiency of off-policy, is the subject of this research. To explore these tradeoffs and determine in which environments on-policy or off-policy algorithms performed better, 2 on-policy and 2 off-policy "agents" were trained in several 2-player board games of varying complexity (such as tic-tac-toe and checkers). At regular intervals within the agents' training, each agent's performance against an opponent making random moves and an opponent making optimal moves were recorded. The time spent training each agent was also recorded as a baseline for the computational resources needed per agent. Early results have indicated that while there is an increase in the amount of time needed to train off-policy agents, those agents also tend to yield lower rates of losses while arriving at more optimal policies in a lower amount of training games. This research and further work can illustrate the importance of factoring in the balance between lower training time and more accurate solutions when selecting appropriate RL algorithms, especially as the complexity of a task or environment increases.

P-adic Polynomials of Degree 2p and Their Galois Groups

Presenter(s): Kendall Bearden
Mentor(s):  Chad Awtrey, Brian Toone
Session: 2
Poster #: A5

Abstract:  For a prime number p, the set of p-adic numbers plays an important role in mathematics and in applications to many areas of physics. Of particular interest to mathematicians is the ability to characterize solutions to polynomial equations where the coefficients are p-adic numbers. For a given degree of polynomial and prime p, an intriguing result by M. Krasner in the 1960s shows that there are only finitely many "distinct" equations. Current research is therefore concerned with classifying and enumerating these distinct equations, with complete classifications being known in only a small number of cases; namely, when, the prime does not divide the degree, when the prime equals the degree, and when the degree is less than 16. The goal of this research was to provide a complete and theoretical classification when the degree is equal to twice the prime number. We also have produced concrete data sets up to degree 100, organized these data sets into easy-to-navigate webpages, and made them freely available for the wider mathematics community.

Risk Indexing Cryptocurrency

Presenter(s): Jackson Orth
Mentor(s): Scott Crews
Session: 2
Poster #: B4

Abstract: Meme coins are a new form of cryptocurrency, like Bitcoin or Ethereum. Investing in these coins is very risky, even if you know what to look for. New meme coin investors often find the market to be overwhelming and extremely misleading. Many of the thousands of new coins created every day turn out to be a scam, taking the money of hopeful investors. My goal is to lessen the overall work needed to successfully invest in one of these types of coins by creating a framework for measuring the risk associated with each meme coin. To achieve this proposal, I am using many tools to automate the program for the user. These tools include Selenium, and two Python libraries, Requests and Pyautogui. By using these three tools together, I can automate the data extractions from publicly available information completely. I then calculate a risk score measuring how risky it would be to invest in that coin. The program then prints the score along with supporting data used to derive the calculation so that the user can see why a coin is risky or not. My work is important because investors lose money through this new investment opportunity, often with little idea why or how to avoid a scam coin. Investment losses are an inherent risk of the platform but little information exists to educate investors on the risk associated with each investment. I think my work is unique because the only product currently on the market for meme coin risk identification uses outdated data, offering obsolete information to investors.

AI-Assisted Sound Mixing: Transforming the Worship Sound Through Intelligent Automation and Real-Time Analysis

Presenter(s): Jose Ocampo
Mentor(s): Brian Toone
Session: 2
Poster #: C3 

Abstract:  Live audio mixing plays a crucial role in worship settings, but it can be challenging, especially for smaller congregations that rely on volunteer engineers with limited experience. This project explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can assist in audio mixing by using Real-Time Analyzer (RTA) microphones and machine learning. The proposed system analyzes room acoustics and automatically adjusts a digital soundboard to improve overall sound quality while simplifying the process for novice engineers. Research Question & Context: This research examines whether AI can effectively support beginner audio engineers by automating live sound adjustments. The project contributes to the growing field of AI-driven audio processing and aligns with advancements in real-time signal processing and intelligent automation. Methods: A prototype system is being developed that integrates RTA microphones with AI algorithms to assess room acoustics and adjust soundboard settings accordingly. Data is collected from various worship environments to train machine learning models, and the system's performance is evaluated in live settings to determine its effectiveness. Findings & Importance: Preliminary testing suggests that AI-driven sound adjustments can enhance clarity and balance, making high-quality live mixing more accessible. By automating complex aspects of sound engineering, the system allows volunteer engineers to produce consistent and professional-level audio with minimal training. Contribution: This project bridges AI, acoustics, and live sound engineering, demonstrating how automation can assist human operators in real-time audio processing. By lowering technical barriers, it makes professional-quality audio more accessible to non-experts, offering practical applications for worship environments and beyond.

Caching API Calls in Preparation for Data Emergencies

Presenter(s): Aaron Gill
Mentor(s): Brian Toone
Session: 2
Poster #: D2 

Abstract:  Every ten years, the U.S. government conducts a census to count its population. The data collected is public information that is accessible to everyone using an Application Programming Interface (API). However, querying the API multiple times for the same data is inefficient, especially given rate limits and potential costs associated with API usage. This research explores how data can be queried and cached locally to reduce redundant API calls and ensure data accessibility even if the original source becomes unavailable. This project builds onto existing research in the field, such as short-term caching methods, and extends them into data preservation efforts. Additionally, this research focuses on maintaining the raw Census Data in a user-friendly format, which doesn't exist currently. This project consists of two components. First, the backend mostly consists of a database. This requires identifying how the Census Bureau stores its data so that it can be matched to a local database. Secondly, a caching system is needed to handle data requests by users. The application needs to determine if data is already stored locally. If not, the application would create an API call to the Census data, store the result, and then serve that result to the user. If the data was already stored from a previous call, the application would simply serve that data to the user. Lastly, a front-end interface would allow users to easily query Census data. This research will produce an application and database that is able to query and cache Census data. A caching system for Census data protects against potential data loss due to accidental or deliberate removal. This is particularly relevant given recent cases of government data being erased. This research will have important contributions in the area of data preservation as well as efficiencies in retrieving data.

Automated sport analysis

Presenter(s): Myles Wynn
Mentor(s): Brian Toone
Session: 2
Poster #: E1 

Abstract:  Basketball analytics play an important resource in evaluating player performance and informing coaching strategies. Traditionally, shot tracking and performance analysis rely on manual data entry or expensive proprietary tracking systems. This project leverages OpenCV, an open-source computer vision library, to automate the process of identifying and analyzing field goal attempts in basketball games. The system is designed to detect all attempted shots, classify them as makes or misses, and determine the shooting hand of each player. To achieve this goal, my approach involves multiple computer vision techniques, including object detection, motion tracking, and deep learning-based recognition (openCV, YOLOv8, etc.). Using pre-trained models, we detect players and the basketball within video frames. Shot attempts are identified by tracking the ball's movement relative to the hoop, and shot outcomes are determined based on whether the shot was a make or a miss. We also keep track of if the shot was made with the right hand of the left hand. This research contributes to the growing field of sports analytics by providing a simple, automated solution for basketball performance tracking. The ability to analyze shooting patterns without manual annotation has broad implications for coaches, scouts, and analysts, offering deeper insights into player tendencies and shot efficiency. This approach also could be extended to other aspects of game analysis, such as defensive positioning and player movement tracking.

Status and Usage of Deep Fakes affecting Society

Presenter(s): Syrus Fitts
Mentor(s): Brian Toone
Session: 2
Poster #: G3

Abstract:  This project explores Deepfake technology, including its definition, evolution, and current status. It examines how Deepfakes are created, the hardware and software involved, and their ethical and security implications. A key focus is on why Deepfakes were not widely used in the recent political election, considering factors such as detection tools, regulations, and media policies. The research also addresses the impact of Deepfakes on misinformation, cybersecurity, and AI ethics while analyzing their role in politics, entertainment, and digital forensics. Additionally, the project involves hands-on experimentation with Deepfake generation and detection tools to better understand the technology's capabilities and risks. The first step in addressing my research question was to understand what Deepfakes are. Deepfakes are images or videos coupled with audio voice cloning, created using artificial intelligence to make it appear as though an individual did or said something they didn't. I examined examples of Deepfakes in politics, sex, and sports, finding that bad actors exploit them for purposes such as disinformation, blackmail, harassment, and financial fraud. For instance, a man named Karl Marshall was jailed for over two years for creating and sharing sexually explicit Deepfakes of women and children. In South Korea, the possession or viewing of sexually explicit Deepfakes is being criminalized. U.S. security officials have warned voters to stay vigilant for false accusations.

Teachers' perceptions, experiences, and confidence with AAC in educational settings: A survey study

Presenter(s): Abby Archer, Mary Claire Nimon, Amelia Tomlinson
Mentor(s): Angie Barber
Session: 1
Poster #: E2

Abstract:  Central Research Question: How do educational specialists perceive, experience, and implement inclusive practices for AAC users in educational settings? Context: Limited studies evaluate teacher preparedness for supporting Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) users, highlighting a gap in professional development. Communication autonomy promoted within a supportive environment is preferred by many autistic people who advocate for normalizing AAC use across environments. However, children often lack access to receiving AAC devices and others may not have access to their device across their school days. There remains uncertainty about the best approach to AAC training - whether to prioritize direct skill-building interventions or to focus on naturally integrating AAC use into classroom activities. Methods: The IRB is currently under review. Once approved, a 15-question Qualtrics survey will be distributed to educational professionals. Recruitment sources have already been identified and include educational and specialty social media and listserv groups. Questions focus on knowledge, confidence, and experiences of educational professionals who interact with AAC users. Results: Preliminary results will be shared, emphasizing findings from the survey using descriptive statistics and visual analysis. In addition, a thorough literature review will be provided. Importance: This study addresses a gap in the literature which suggests further research exploring effective AAC strategies that promote meaningful inclusion and equitable access to communication in mainstream educational settings. Contributions: These findings will identify gaps in AAC access in educational settings, pinpoint the barriers that educational professionals encounter, and help build understanding of perceptions toward AAC inclusive practices.

Healthcare providers' use of Developmental Milestones in Referral Decisions and Patient Education

Presenter(s): Leah Troup, Mary Ellis Davies, Liyah Nelson, Sidda Lachina, Abigail Wilson
Mentor(s): Angie Barber
Session: 1
Poster #: J2

Abstract:  Context: Physicians' appropriate knowledge of developmental milestones can assist in early identification of autism and other communication disorders and for earlier access to effective intervention. Developmental milestones are a framework many physicians use when conducting routine developmental surveillance, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. This research project addresses the significant variation between the milestones provided by ASHA and the CDC regarding the ages at which developmental milestones are achieved. These variations raise important questions concerning the validity and use of communication and social emotional milestones. This information plays a crucial role in the early identification of autism and communication disorders, ultimately enabling earlier and more effective intervention. Central Research Question: How do developmental milestones impact health care providers' developmental surveillance, referral, and patient education practices? Methods: After receiving IRB approval, a 15-question Qualtrics survey was distributed. Participants were recruited through medical, healthcare, clinical, and educational groups. Results: Based on preliminary analysis of 15 respondents, results indicated that 94% of providers often or always refer to developmental milestones when making referral decisions. However only 40% of respondents regularly conduct developmental surveillance at well child appointments. Importance: Studies have shown a need for increased efforts to support providers' early identification and intervention tools in early autism. Contribution: These findings could help frame early standards of care when developmental concerns are noted, which would provide more information on how young children are assessed and referred.

Case Study of the Latino Immigrant Restaurant Corridor on Green Springs Ave in Homewood, AL

Presenter(s): Shaun O'Neil
Mentor(s): Dieter Waldvogel
Session: 1
Poster #: D2 

Abstract: This investigation is a case study of immigrant economies and suburban economic development through the ethnographic lens of Latino restaurants and grocery markets on Green Springs Avenue in Homewood, AL. This qualitative study seeks to discern the factors that draw Latino entrepreneurs to this street in Birmingham, AL, as well as what factors shape the restaurant's ethnic clientele. Previous research into urban economic spatial dispersions of immigrant businesses has termed the in Birmingham (over 16 years ago) as Immigrant Corridors, due to their high concentration of immigrant businesses. Interestingly, other veins of urban culture scholarship suggest that local restaurants are prime public places for the development of local culture through the natural formation of new social ties. Given that the researcher's previous Geographical Analysis (GIS) of restaurants in Birmingham revealed a dispersion of Latino Restaurants on Green Springs Ave reflective of an immigrant corridor, the voice of these Latino restauranteurs is the best way to understand the ways that these restaurants specifically bind the Latino immigrant community and build bridges with the non-Latino community for advantageous new social capital in Homewood, AL. The study employs semi-structured interviews with the owners of 10 restaurants on the stretch of Green Springs between Lakeshore and the I-65 Green Springs exit asking specific questions about what motivated the choice to locate on Green Springs, which business strategies have been successful, and how their restaurant is an extension of their cultural roots. Additionally, the study includes a brief content analysis of the ethnic decor of the restaurant. Ultimately, the study reveals how the local Latino ethnic restaurants uniquely fill niches in the immigrant market to both preserve immigrant culture in predominantly Spanish-speaking restaurants and create cross-cultural bridges in more bilingual businesses.

How Teachers Understand and Teach Students with ADHD Around the World

Presenter(s): Reese Wrather
Mentor(s):  Amanda Hilsmier
Session: 1
Poster #: A4 

Abstract: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disability that has gained a great deal of attention in the public eye. Due to the rise in awareness of symptoms of the disease, teachers have started to adapt teaching strategies to best help students who have ADHD. While the existing literature offers a range of interventions, there remains a gap between clinical recommendations and their application in everyday classroom practice. This project addresses that gap by synthesizing current research on ADHD interventions and translating these findings into actionable, evidence-based teaching strategies specifically tailored for classroom use.

Teaching Reading to Young Students With a Severe Hearing Impairment

Presenter(s): Mckenna Connelly
Mentor(s):  Amanda Hilsmier
Session: 1
Poster #: E1

Abstract:  This analysis looks at existing literature in the field of teaching reading to young students who have a severe hearing impairment, often called deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). By examining the categories of teaching phonological awareness and reading fluency to students who are DHH, three methods are identified from each category that are effective as explained in the following research. Under the category of teaching phonological awareness, research has shown the methods of visual phonics, cued speech, and speech-reading to be beneficial to students who are DHH in the classroom. For the category of teaching reading fluency, research has further demonstrated that the methods of reading out-loud through the use of signs, using facial expression tactics, and using visual grammar are helpful for students who are DHH. Furthermore, these methods must be accurately applied in the classroom for the maximum benefit for students. All teachers need to understand the vitality of including these methods in the curriculum so they are creating advantageous outcomes for the students' learning. In regard to future research, these teaching methods need to be implemented in as many schools as possible, so it is necessary to deduce how to best introduce these methods to various schools and further implement them. More methods of teaching phonological awareness and reading fluency need to be brought to light in research so students with DHH have multiple effective methods offered to them to aid them on their way to becoming fluent readers.

Using Multisensory Strategies to Improve Comprehension

Presenter(s): Amy Herndon
Mentor(s):  Tarsha Shepard, Kate Scarborough
Session: 1
Poster #: G3

Abstract:  The focus of the current action research project was to investigate the most effective research-based instructional strategies to build students' decoding and phoneme blending skills. Two students in fourth grade were identified by the classroom teacher mentor as needing intervention in the area of phoneme blending when decoding three-phoneme words. This project was implemented over eight instructional sessions during a semester long field experience. Following a review of literature on reading development, the teacher candidate implemented multisensory strategies, specifically the usage of Elkonin boxes and the "tap it, map it, and zap it" strategy, to improve phoneme blending and decoding skills. The goal was for students to gain confidence and accuracy in decoding consonant vowel consonant (CVC) words and apply these skills to more challenging words, such as consonant vowel consonant consonant or consonant consonant vowel consonant (CVCC/CCVC). A reading interest survey and pre, midpoint, and post assessment were utilized to collect data and monitor progress. The LETRS Phonics and Reading Word Survey and phoneme assessment were used to analyze students' word accuracy and phoneme accuracy when decoding. Students showed varied findings in word accuracy from pre to post assessment, however, both students increased their phoneme accuracy when decoding by 37-40% on the phoneme assessment. The current results suggest that using specific multisensory strategies is an effective teaching practice for building students' phoneme blending and word attacking skills. Next steps in this research include comparing the usage of the chosen multisensory strategies, Elkonin boxes and the "tap it, map it, and zap it" strategy, to other multisensory strategies and their effectiveness. This research is important to the field of education as it informs the use of multisensory strategies while teaching the Science of Reading.

Using multisensory strategies to Improve 5th grade special education reading intervention students' identification, reading, and spelling of short vowel sounds within Consonant Vowel Consonant pattern words

Presenter(s): Joy Bozeman
Mentor(s):  Tarsha Shepard, Kate Scarborough
Session: 1
Poster #: J1

Abstract:  The focus of the current action research project was to investigate the most effective research-based instructional strategies to improve 5th grade special education reading intervention students' identification, reading, and spelling of short vowel sounds within consonant vowel consonant pattern words. Four fifth-grade students were identified by the classroom teacher mentor as needing support in the identification, reading, and spelling of short vowel sounds within consonant vowel consonant pattern words. This project was implemented over eight instructional sessions during a semester long field experience. Following a review of literature on reading development, the teacher candidate implemented multisensory strategies to improve the identification, reading, and spelling of short vowel sounds within consonant vowel consonant pattern words. The goals were for students to identify what vowel sound is being spoken to them within a CVC pattern word, decode short vowel sounds within a CVC pattern word, and spell CVC pattern words with the correct short vowel sound. A reading interest survey and pre, midpoint and post short vowel assessment were utilized to collect data and monitor progress. Students showed mixed progress from pre assessment to midpoint and from midpoint to post assessment. The current results suggest that using specific multisensory strategies is an effective teaching practice for improving 5th grade special education reading intervention students' identification, reading, and spelling of short vowel sounds within consonant vowel consonant pattern words. Findings were mixed based on students' beginning capabilities, the skill being worked on, and the phase of the intervention. This research is important to the field of education as it informs the use of multisensory strategies while teaching the Science of Reading.

Using Multisensory Strategies to Improve Sight Word Recognition

Presenter(s): Joy Bozeman
Mentor(s):  Kirsten Jennings Norvell
Session: 2
Poster #: A4

Abstract:  The focus of the current action research project was to investigate the most effective research-based instructional strategies to improve fourth grade special education students' sight word recognition. Two fourth grade students were identified by the classroom teacher mentor as needing explicit, systematic instruction in this area. This project was implemented over eight instructional sessions during a semester long field experience. Following a review of literature on reading development, the teacher candidate implemented multisensory strategies to improve their sight word recognition. The goal was for students to recognize sight words with 80% accuracy. A reading interest survey and pre, midpoint and post sight word assessment were utilized to collect data and monitor progress. The data reveals that students showed strong growth in sight word recognition using multisensory strategies. This research is important to the field of education as it informs the use of multisensory strategies while teaching the Science of Reading.

The Impact of Data-Driven Instruction Within Mathematics

Presenter(s): Ann Catherine Stephens
Mentor(s):  Melissa Wallis
Session: 2
Poster #: B3

Abstract:  The focus behind the data-driven intervention project was to identify the various needs of learners to curate instructional practices to benefit all learners. Data-driven instruction is a mountainous field within the educational domain to improve student performance, specifically within subjects requiring deep foundational knowledge to progress for further learning. Therefore, instruction built from analyzed data results in deeper learning. The project included three first grade students who received five weeks of intentional small group math games to refine and grow foundational number sense skills. The first meeting included a pre-assessment and interest survey to record baseline data for the educator to reference. The subject of instruction targeted the skill of fluently adding numbers through twenty. Throughout the lab, the students completed assessments for educators to monitor progress and assist them in selecting further instructional strategies for the students. The project included reassessment data, observation notes, and intervention data records for each student who participated. The educator reviewed the data and observations between meetings and curated activities identified by trends of missed questions in assessments. Concluding the lab, all three students showed growth in mathematics knowledge, with each student progressing through higher-level assessments in accordance with their needs. The results prove the effectiveness of curating instruction by using data to drive exceptional mathematics instruction to fit the needs of each student. The project displays how current educational prospects should refer to student data to individualize instruction to support foundational learning of mathematics.

Using Multisensory Strategies to Improve Phoneme Manipulation

Presenter(s): Emmaline Johnston
Mentor(s):  Tarsha Shepard, Kate Scarborough
Session: 2
Poster #: J1

Abstract:  The focus of the current action research project was to investigate the most effective research-based instructional strategies to assess the effectiveness of multisensory instructional strategies to improve phoneme manipulation skills. Four first-grade students were identified by the classroom teacher mentor as having weaknesses in their ability to delete beginning and ending phonemes. This project was implemented over nine instructional sessions during a semester long field experience. Following a review of literature on multisensory strategies for reading development, the teacher candidate implemented multisensory strategies to improve phoneme manipulation skills. The ultimate goal of phoneme deletion is to develop phonemic awareness, which the Science of Reading supports as critical for spelling and fluent reading. By manipulating phonemes, students are able to strengthen their word building skills. A reading interest survey and pre, midpoint and post Phoneme Deletion Assessment were utilized to collect data and monitor progress. Students showed significant improvements after explicit multisensory instruction from pre assessment to midpoint and from midpoint to post assessment. The current results suggest that using specific multisensory strategies is an effective teaching practice for improving first grade special education students' phoneme deletion skills. Based on the data, students seem to have mastered the objective and completed the post assessment with scores that reflect mastery (100%). Altogether, this research project was encouraging because student data reflected significant improvements after explicit multisensory instruction. This is further evidence of the importance of assessments and targeted instruction for developing readers. This research is important to the field of education as it informs the use of multisensory strategies while teaching the Science of Reading.

Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effect on Female Pubertal Timing

Presenter(s):  Cristal Quintana
Mentor(s): Rachel Bailey
Session: 1
Poster #: B3

Abstract:  Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are present in several everyday items. These pollutants can disrupt hormones by mimicking, blocking, or increasing/decreasing levels. A growing concern is the effect EDCs may have on female puberty development. This developmental stage revolves around hormonal change. This systematic review aimed to examine the effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure in the environment on females pubertal development? An intensive search was conducted on PubMed using keywords related to EDCs, precocious puberty, chemically induced, and menarche. Studies were included if they included either female human or animal participants, assessed the start of puberty, and relation to EDC exposures. The data of the studies that fit the criteria was extracted if it included type of exposure and puberty timing. Exploring the ways these chemicals can cause precocious puberty can help reform policies and raise awareness.

Recurring rates and factors of breast cancer in women

Presenter(s):  Jackson Gross
Mentor(s): Rachel Bailey
Session: 2
Poster #: C2

Abstract:  How do lifestyle and environmental factors contribute to cancer development, and what preventive measures can individuals adopt in their daily lives to reduce their risk? This systematic review will review epidemiological and clinical studies that compare women diagnosed with cancer to those without cancer. It will specifically examine lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and exposure to environmental toxins to identify key differences that may contribute to cancer risk. PubMed was searched using search terms," Breast Cancer", "Women", "Factors", "Rates", "Recurring". This study aims to explore how modifications in daily lifestyle choices can contribute to cancer prevention. By analyzing research on dietary habits, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol use, and environmental exposures, this study will identify evidence-based strategies that individuals can adopt to reduce their cancer risk.

A Practical Approach to Segmenting Basketball Training Drills Based on Accumulated Acceleration Load to Enhance Training Efficiency and Load Management

Presenter(s): TKobe Hughes, Ryan Cruz, Calvin Jones
Mentor(s):  Courteney Benjamin
Session: 1
Poster #: A3 

Abstract:  Background: The goal of training in competitive sports is to prepare and maximize performance output in players ahead of competition. First, an understanding of the distinct physical demands a training exercise can have on a player during a training session must be understood. Extensive research, such as load quantification in basketball, has analyzed the dynamic relationship between training load and performance throughout a season. However, very few studies offer actionable strategies that would enable coaches to apply these insights to training designs for their players. Purpose: Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use external load metrics to classify basketball training drills and effectively segment basketball practices into one of four categories of physiological load, providing a practical application that coaches can use within the framework of a typical training week and ultimately enhancing the training efficiency and load management of the players. Methods: Using previous training data from the 2023-2024 and 2024-2025 seasons, twenty-two men's collegiate basketball players monitored their external load variables over each in-season practice. Specifically, this study looks at the differences in accumulated acceleration load and accumulated acceleration load per minute for each drill. A two-step cluster analysis will be performed using these metrics to classify drills according to the orientation of the physiological load. Drills/tasks were grouped into four threshold categories: low physiological load, medium physiological load, high physiological load, and very high physiological load. A Linear Mixed Model (LMM) will also be used to analyze differences in acceleration load data and its orientation between drills. Conclusion: The data and results from this analysis will use the external load associated with various basketball training drills to offer a practical application of these drills, allowing coaches to orient weekly training appropriately.

The Effect of Oral Menthol on Thirst Perception and Aerobic Cycling Performance

Presenter(s): Caitlin Cline, Raney Collins, Jacob Conn
Mentor(s): Courteney Benjamin
Session: 1
Poster #: C2 

Abstract:  Menthol mouth rinse has been shown to improve aerobic performance. Endurance athletes often experience dehydration that can result in a decrease in performance. No research has investigated the use of menthol mouth rinse in dehydrated participants on aerobic performance. Therefore, the ?purpose of this study is to discover the effects of oral menthol on thirst perception and aerobic cycling performance in fluid restricted participants. Aerobically trained participants (n = 4, height = 64.4 +/- 3.6 in, weight = 69.0 kg +/- 19.4 kg) completed this randomized cross-over study. Participants completed two counterbalanced trials consisting of a 10-kilometer cycling protocol in thermoneutral conditions (22 +/- 2 degrees Celsius). During the trial, participants were either provided 25 mL of a menthol mouth rinse (0.1%) or 25 mL of a control mouth rinse both prior to and at four-kilometer intervals throughout exercise. Time to completion, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (TS), and thirst sensation were recorded. There were no differences in RPE, TS, or thirst between trials (p > 0.05). The difference between time to completion was approaching statistically significant differences (p = 0.06), with the menthol rinse trial completing the 10k faster than the control trial. In conclusion, although there were no differences in perceptual measures when using a menthol mouth rinse, there may be improvements in aerobic performance.

DISC personality type in pre-health students: does it differ by chosen profession?

Presenter(s):  Margaret Calhoun, Grace Miller
Mentor(s):  Mallory Marshall
Session: 1
Poster #: D1 

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between DISC personality type and chosen healthcare-related profession among pre-health college students. A 20-item survey instrument, known as the DISC, was used to measure the individuals' personality type, and survey respondents (n=34), who were current undergraduates in pre-health majors, also answered questions about their career choice, personal and family history with the profession, and belief in how their personality influenced their choice. The personality test was scored and each participant classified as one or two dominant personality types: D personality type relates to direct and decisive characteristic traits, I personality types are inspiring and impressive, S personality types are steady and reserved and C personality type is compliant and analytical. In our sample, 50 % of pre-occupational therapy (OT) students had a C personality type, 50% had I personality type, 16.7% had S personality type. For pre-physical therapy (PT) students, 37.5% were C, 50% were S, and 25% I. No pre-OT or PT students reported D personality type. Among nursing students, 27.3% were D, 27.3% I, 18.8% C, and 54.5% S. 100% of the pre-OT, 87.5% of pre-PT, and 100% of nursing majors reported that their personality affected their career choice. These data indicate that college students are considering their personality when making career decisions. In these helping professions, the S personality type (steady, reserved) was most common and D (direct, decisive) was most rare, but a larger sample is needed to further compare the helping professions to one another.

The Effects of Low vs. High Doses of Alpha-GPC on Submaximal Bench Press Lift Velocity

Presenter(s):  Michael Johnson, Ryan Cruz
Mentor(s):  Courteney Benjamin, Mallory Marshall
Session: 1
Poster #: D8 

Abstract: Alpha-glycerolphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC) is a choline-based substance that is a common ingredient in "pre-workouts" which are commercially available blends of various substances marketed to enhance exercise performance. The effects of these substances, including alpha-GPC, have rarely been investigated independently to elicit understanding of their true effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of low vs high dose alpha-GPC on submaximal bench press performance and perceived fatigue. College-age resistance-trained male participants were recruited via word-of-mouth and volunteered to participate in a 4-visit study consisting of a trial to evaluate bench press strength by assessing 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), followed by three supplement trials: a low dose (150 mg), high dose (600 mg), and placebo (600 mg gluten free corn starch) trials, in a randomized order using a double-blind procedure. Participants ingested the supplement in capsule form 90 minutes prior to the trial and then completed 4 sets of 8 repetitions of bench press at 70% of 1-RM with a 3-minute rest between sets. Velocity of each repletion (in meters/second) was evaluated with the GymAware system, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and repetitions in reserve (RIR) were reported by participants after each set. Velocity decreased from set 1 to set 4 under all conditions (p<0.05), as did subjective rating of perceived exertion (p<0.05) and repetitions in reserve (p<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the placebo, low dose, or high dose alpha-GPC trials (p>0.05 for all comparisons). These data indicate that alpha-GPC does not enhance submaximal bench press performance regardless of dose.

Accumulated Acceleration Load Effect on Division I Basketball Athlete Performance: A Longitudinal Study

Presenter(s):  Jane Kelly, Drew King, Levi Lodge
Mentor(s):  Courtney Benjamin
Session: 1
Poster #: G2

Abstract: Managing fatigue and player readiness is a key to success in team sports and fatigue increases as the season progresses. There is a lack of research examining the impacts of fatigue on in-game performance in D1 men's basketball players. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine if the accumulated load effects physical performance in University SOCON Division 1 male basketball athletes. Kinexon, a type of wearable technology used to track load and performance metrics, was used to collect data over the course of the 2023-2024 and 2024-2025 seasons (n = 22 athletes [4 from both seasons]). Mixed effects models will be used to analyze the data sets. The impact of Accumulated Acceleration Load on in-game Accumulation Acceleration Load per minute, Acceleration and Deceleration Load, Stratified Exertion Events, Stratified Jumping Events, Stratified Changes in Orientation, and Stratified Decelerations will be determined. We hypothesize that as training volume increases, individual athlete's physical performance will be negatively affected. Coaches, athletes, trainers, and researchers will be able to use this longitudinal study to better predict performance based on accumulated load and plan training protocols to achieve optimal performance for each individual athlete. Additionally, coaches will have data to utilize to understand how to best utilize players and develop optimal substitution and training strategies.

Correlations Between Accumulative Accelerative Workload and Offensive Efficiency

Presenter(s):  Josh Berg, Justin Perritt, Braden Brasfield
Mentor(s): Courteney Benjamin
Session: 1
Poster #: I3 

Abstract:  Kinexon is an advanced software that records and tracks athletes' performance metrics through wearable technology. This technology represents the next stage in sports evolution, enabling coaches to refine strategy based on real-time data. One key metric Kinexon measures is accumulative accelerative workload, which quantifies the total effect on athlete's rapid changes in speed and direction. By analyzing data from the Samford men's basketball team over the 2023-24 and 2024-25 seasons, this observational study aims to examine the relationship between accumulated accelerative workload and offensive efficiency. Individual players (n=x) wore Kinexon sensors on their hips for data collection, while in game statistics were collected through ESPN. The data will then be placed into excel for organization and interpretation. From the collected data, offensive playmaker efficiency will be estimated through the equation: [Points +(Assists x 2.5) + (Offensive Rebounds x 1.5) - (Turnovers x 1.5)]/Possessions Used where 2.5 represents the estimated average points per assist, and turnovers are weighted higher to penalize lost opportunities. Possessions used will be calculated by Field Goals Attempted + (0.475 x Free Throws Attempted) + Turnovers - Offensive Rebounds. We hypothesize that increased accelerative workload leads to increased offensive efficiency. However, excessive workload may introduce a fatigue factor that could negatively impact offensive efficiency. By identifying these trends, this research will ultimately help optimize game strategy within Samford's basketball organization.

The effects of home versus away games in physical performance of the Samford men's basketball team

Presenter(s):  Callie Cook, Julianne Ross, Lucy Anne Newsome
Mentor(s): Courtney Benjamin
Session: 2
Poster #: A3 

Abstract:  Background: There is a growing interest in tracking performance of athletes using wearable technology, allowing coaches to gain more insight into their players. Athletes' physical performance can be affected by factors such as the difference in home versus away games, travel distance, and crowd participation. Central research question‚Äì The purpose is to research the differences between Samford men's basketball home versus away games in physical performance. Context: Our research fits into a larger scholarly context because although there has been research on various aspects of home versus away game performance, most data is in the NBA setting, not college athletes. Specifically, we aim to focus on acceleration, deceleration, mechanical load, physiological load, and jump height. Methods/processes: We looked at the 2023/2024 season of Samford men's basketball. There were 34 games total, 18 at home and 16 away. Home games are defined as 0 miles away, and away games are defined as greater than 0 miles away from Samford. The team uses Kinexon, a form of wearable technology worn on the waistband of players' shorts, and tracks location, movement, workload, and performance. We exported the data from Kinexon software to Microsoft Excel where we further processed the data to identify inconsistencies and format issues. Using the PivotTable feature, we analyzed the averages of distance traveled, acceleration, deceleration, physiological load, mechanical load, and maximum jump height for each game to look for patterns between home and away games. Expected findings/results: We hypothesize that the men's basketball team will perform better at home versus away games in physical performance. Importance/implications: Answering this research question can help coaches assess players' physical performance and improve their scores. Contribution‚Äì Findings from this study can help the coaches create strategies around travel if differences are found between home versus away games.

Impact of Travel on Basketball Performance

Presenter(s): Thomas Gallion, Mary Conlee Wilson, and Reese Bell
Mentor(s): Courteney Benjamin
Session: 2
Poster #: B2 

Abstract:  Home court advantage is a common term coined in sports, typically basketball, to describe how external factors, such as distance and duration during travel, might influence game outcomes. In total, we are observing 27 players with registered ESPN Box Score statistics, 19 for the 2023-24 season and 17 for the 2024-2025 season. On-court performance was measured by traditional box score statistics‚Äîfield goal percentage (FG%), three-point percentage (3PT%), free throw percentage (FT%), and turnovers (TO). We also recorded miles traveled, estimated travel hours, location of game (city) and game type (home, away, or neutral site). Our statistical analysis will evaluate the relationship between in-game performance in games where the team did not travel versus when they did travel, as well as the magnitude of this relationship based on the distance (miles) and duration (hours) of travel. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between "home"/"away" games to determine if game site, distance traveled, or type of travel affect overall team performance. We hypothesize that increased travel during competition season negatively affects gameplay. Due to the high-speed pace of play of Samford's team, travel-induced stress that affects sleep, recovery, and/or fatigue would provide a substantially negative impact on the overall in-game performance metrics for this team. There is an obvious gap in the research in this field due to the difference between how a SOCON team operates and an ACC, SEC team operates. We also have the research gap of style of play; as Samford Men's Basketball plays at a pace that very few teams compare to, making it more probable that it has a greater impact on their in-game performance. All in all, these outcomes could be important to future travel for collegiate athletics primarily regarding the implications towards stabilizing in-game performance.

Development of Teaching Kitchen Interventions for College Athletes

Presenter(s):  Noelle Mauro
Mentor(s):  Ashley Licata
Session: 2
Poster #: C1

Abstract: A nutrition education program for collegiate student athletes was developed to enhance sports nutrition knowledge, culinary skills, and dietary behaviors. The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of cooking classes versus cooking demonstrations for sports nutrition knowledge, dietary intake, and skin carotenoid measures. The eight-week intervention includes baseline data collection, two sports nutrition-focused education sessions, three weeks of cooking classes or demonstrations, a guided grocery store tour, and post-intervention data collection. Participants will be divided into two groups: one receiving hands-on cooking instruction and the other observing cooking demonstrations. Pre- and post-intervention assessments include a nutrition knowledge-based survey, a 24-hour dietary recall using ASA-24, and skin carotenoid measurements via the Veggie Meter. The curriculum emphasizes key sports nutrition principles, including macronutrients, micronutrients, hydration strategies, food selection for athletic performance, and strategies for optimizing nutrient intake before, during, and after exercise. It also emphasizes the development of practical skills such as knife handling, meal prepping, efficient grocery shopping, and confident use of kitchen equipment. By the end of the program, we hypothesize that participants will demonstrate improved confidence in selecting nutrient-dense foods, planning balanced meals, and making informed dietary choices to fuel performance. Changes in dietary behaviors and carotenoid levels will also be measured to assess the program's impact.

The Effect of Thirst on Arousal, and Visuomotor Reaction time

Presenter(s):  Kobe Hughes, Camryn Blackwell, Grace Cox
Mentor(s): Courteney Benjamin
Session: 2
Poster #: D1

Abstract:  There is growing evidence that dehydration can negatively influence cognitive performance. The sensation of thirst, and the discomfort associated with it, may be a large contributing factor to this phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine how thirst perception influence reaction time in both the central and peripheral field of view. Female participants (n = 12, height = 164.6 cm, body mass = 68.2 kg) were recruited from Samford University and the surrounding Birmingham area. In a randomized, counterbalanced cross-over design, participants will complete three trials: two trials following a twelve-hour fluid restriction and one following a prescribed fluid intake (500 ML 12 hours before). Upon arrival to each trial urine color, urine specific gravity, and thirst will be recorded. After the hydration assessments, participants will complete the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale which is on a scale from 1-10. Reaction time will then be measured using a Dynavision D2 Visuomotor board. Next, participants will be given 200 mL of water in one of the fluid restricted trials. Fluid will not be provided during the other two trials. Thirst will then be assessed again using the 1-9 scale, then the CVRT and PVRT tests will be completed once more. A repeated measures ANOVA was completed to determine differences in thirst, sleepiness, and reaction time between trials. There was a significant main effect for thirst between trials (p <0.001), with post-hoc analysis demonstrating that thirst was significantly lower following 200 mL fluid ingestion. Perceived arousal was also significantly improved in the prescribed fluid trial compared to both fluid restricted trials (p = 0.004). There were no differences in any reaction time measure between trials. In conclusion, perceived thirst was improved by the consumption of 200 mL of fluid and perceived alertness was negatively impacted by fluid restriction, however, reaction time was not altered by these factors.

The Effect of Music Volume on Fine Motor Skill Precision in Older vs Younger Adults

Presenter(s):  Laura Brooke Dart, Bella Elder, Emma Love
Mentor(s):  Robert Hensarling, John Petrella
Session: 2
Poster #: D8 

Abstract:  Differences in music volume may impact fine motor skill precision and heart rate. Previous research suggested that music tempo affects fine motor skill precision, where fast music decreases precision and slow music increases precision. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if music volume affected fine motor skill precision similarly as well as heart rate. College-aged males and females as well as older adult males and females were recruited through convenience sampling and visited the laboratory once for their testing session. During their visit, each participant performed three dart throwing trials and three domino staking trials. Each trial was performed in a randomized and counterbalanced order where the participant was listening to their song of choice at different music volume levels (no music, quiet music at 60 dB, and loud music at 85dB) with each test. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare fine motor skill precision in darts and dominos, heart rate, gender, and age groups. There was a significant increase in dart-throwing performance in older adults in when listening to quiet music as opposed to no music (p<0.05). There was also a significant difference between males of all ages and females of all ages in dart throwing performance where males consistently performed more precisely than females (p<0.05). These data indicate that music volume may not significantly affect fine motor skill precision and heart rate in younger adults, but quiet music improves fine motor skill precision in older adults.

Do isometric antagonist movements potentiate plyometric medicine ball throws?

Presenter(s): Shane Nelson, Blake Willingham, Harrison Tuck
Mentor(s): Mallory Marshall, Courteney Benjamin
Session: 2
Poster #: G2

Abstract: Evidence suggests that lifting a heavy load shortly before exercise may improve the ability to generate forceful movements in the minutes after the lift, a phenomenon called post-activation potentiation (PAP). However, which muscle groups to target remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the effects of isometric exercises on antagonist (i.e. opposing) versus agonist (i.e. primary mover) muscle groups regarding seated medicine ball throw (SMBT) force. College-age males who engaged in resistance training at least three times a week were recruited to participate. Those with recent upper body injuries or history of cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease were excluded. Participants visited the lab twice, completing a standardized warm-up followed by two SMBTs against a vertical force plate for baseline measurements. They then performed either an isometric bench press or barbell row, pulling as hard as possible for 15 seconds, resting for two minutes, then repeating the isometric. Afterward, they did two sets of SMBT at 3, 5, and 7 minutes post-exercise. The second visit mirrored the first but involved the alternative exercise. The order of sessions was counterbalanced. Percent change from baseline was calculated, and dependent t-tests compared improvements from bench press (agonist) and barbell row (antagonist). Both exercises improved SMBT force. Agonist PAP resulted in 1.97%, 3.38%, and 2.86% improvements at 3, 5, and 7 minutes post-exercise. Antagonist PAP yielded 2.25%, 5.90%, and 5.93% at the same intervals, with no statistically significant differences in percent improvement between the exercise types (p>0.05). These data indicate that both agonist and antagonist PAP exercises result in improvement to upper body power, and either can be utilized, depending upon preference and equipment availability.

Survey of Vaccine Hesitancy In Future Health Care Professionals

Presenter(s): Mary Katherine Kinsey, Lauren Richardson, MaryGrace Mills
Mentor(s):  Mallory Marshall
Session: 2
Poster #: I3

Abstract:  Previous research has shown that vaccine beliefs and hesitancy are changing, though the changes in future healthcare professionals, who frequently are involved in providing advice related to vaccines to patients, have not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to examine whether attitudes and beliefs regarding vaccines, including vaccine hesitancy, among future healthcare professionals. A secondary purpose was to compare vaccine beliefs and attitudes among different types of healthcare professions. A total of n=50 pre-health students completed a x item survey that consisted of demographic information, personal vaccine status and beliefs, and attitudes regarding vaccine recommendations for patients. 71% of nursing students, 18% of pre-physical therapy (PT), 100% of pre-occupational therapy (OT), and 50% of pre-medical students reported that their vaccine beliefs had changed since the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, 57% of nursing, 55% of pre-PT, 77% of pre-OT, and 50% of pre-medical students indicated they would choose not to receive a vaccine if it were not required for educational purposes. Finally, 86% of nursing, 64% of pre-PT, 35% of pre-OT, and 100% of pre-medical students reported at least some hesitancy toward receiving vaccines. These results suggest that pre-health students have concerns about receiving vaccines personally; future analyses should investigate whether these concerns translate to patient recommendations, and which vaccines (childhood, influenza, COVID, etc.) are most concerning to future healthcare providers.

Illuminating Finds: How Decoding the Paleographic Intricacies of Medieval Manuscripts Helps Keep History Alive One Letter at a Time

Presenter(s): Emma Mikell
Mentor(s):  Anthony Minnema
Session: 1
Poster #: b2 

Abstract:  Paleography, or the study of ancient letters and scripts, can help to determine the when, where, why, and how of a handwritten artifact. When the Harwell G. Davis Library at Samford University acquired a Latin manuscript fragment of unknown origin in early 2024, it was the close examination of its paleographic nuances which led to the discovery of its provenance. While any stroke or flourish may be of significance, the material nature of the artifact also reveals much about its creation. By backlighting the paper, the examiners were able to find its watermark and trace the image through various digital catalogues, thereby determining a possible range of dates. The script itself was discerned through extensive comparison to similar catalogued and dated manuscripts to be of the southern Gothic variety, mostly found in Italy, southern France, and the Iberian Peninsula. Subtle idiosyncrasies of the handwriting indicate that the artifact is likely northern Italian with notable Spanish influence. The contents of the manuscript leaf are extracts from a treatise on the nature of logic, by one Johannes Versoris, a master at the University of Paris in the latter half of the 15th century. This discovery of the author makes the copy in our possession even more intriguing. Since the invention of the printing press coincides with the period in which Versoris wrote many of his most significant works, his writings would have been mostly shared by means of print technology by the last years of the 15th century. The manuscript now owned by the Davis Library has been dated to the first half of the 15th century, leading examiners to believe that it may be part of an early written edition of the treatise by Versoris, perhaps one of a few of its kind. The study of this particular manuscript gives unique insight into the intersection between the time-honored crafts of calligraphy and illumination and the advent of early modern print technology.

Perceptions of Disabilities and Social Support

Presenter(s): Kaylee Snider
Mentor(s): Jonathan Davis
Session: 1
Poster #: B2

Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceptions of individuals with disabilities and the level of prior contact one has with individuals with disabilities. Previous research indicates that families with a member who has a disability experience unique stressors, which can be mitigated by strong social support networks. Additionally, it investigates public attitudes toward disabilities, including factors such as prior contact, personality traits, and implicit biases. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between prior contact with people with disabilities and attitudes held toward people with disabilities. The hypothesis of this study was that frequent and positive contact with individuals who have disabilities will relate to more positive attitudes and reduced stigma. An online survey methodology was employed to assess participants' contact with individuals with disabilities and their attitudes toward people with disabilities on a cognitive, affective, and behavioral level. A sample of 143 adults, a majority of whom were White and female, participated in this study. No significant correlation was found between levels of contact and attitudinal measures, although trends suggest a potential link in cognitive perceptions. This study highlights the complexity of attitudes toward individuals with disabilities, emphasizing that emotional biases may persist despite cognitive understanding and appropriate behavior. The findings of this study suggest that structured contact experiences and targeted interventions may be necessary to foster more inclusive attitudes and promote social integration.

Perceived Parenting Styles and Emotional Regulation

Presenter(s):  Hannah Warren
Mentor(s): Jonathan Davis
Session: 1
Poster #: C8

Abstract:  Parenting styles significantly influence children's emotional regulation, though the specific mechanisms remain under investigation. This study hypothesized that perceived parenting styles characterized by high rejection, overprotection/control, and low emotional warmth would negatively correlate with emotional self-regulation. Specifically, it predicted that Emotional Warmth would positively associate with Clarity and negatively with Impulse, Rejection positively with Impulse and negatively with Awareness, and Overprotection/Control positively with Awareness and negatively with Impulse. To test these hypotheses, the study examined the relationships between parenting dimensions (S-EMBU Child) and emotion regulation (DERS) in 268 participants aged 18 to 80+. The DERS yielded a lower-than-expected mean score, possibly due to an omitted item, despite using standardized scoring procedures. Correlational analyses partially supported the hypotheses. Contrary to predictions, Emotional Warmth was negatively correlated with both Impulse (r = -0.185, p = 0.003) and Clarity (r = -0.266, p < 0.001). As hypothesized, Rejection was positively correlated with Impulse (r = 0.323, p < 0.001), but not with Awareness. Overprotection/Control was negatively correlated with Awareness (r = -0.122, p = 0.05) and positively with Impulse (r = 0.165, p = 0.008). These findings suggest a link between perceived parenting styles and self-regulation, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and parental education in promoting healthy emotional regulation strategies.

The Impact of Having a Sibling With a Disability on Coping Styles

Presenter(s):  Allison Colyar
Mentor(s): Jonathan Davis
Session: 2
Poster #: C8

Abstract:  Coping strategies play a critical role in how individuals manage stress. Positive and beneficial coping strategies can help to improve one's quality of life. Does having a sibling with a disability improve or impair an individual's coping practices? This is the question I sought to answer in my research. This study explored differences in problem-focused and avoidant-focused coping between individuals with and without a sibling with a disability. An independent samples t-test revealed no significant differences in coping styles between the two groups (p > .05), suggesting that sibling status may not be a primary factor in shaping coping strategies. These results could easily be due to the small size of my sample (N=57). However, these results indicate that many variables affect the ability of individuals to use positive coping strategies. Future research should investigate these factors with a larger, more diverse sample to draw conclusions about what factors affect coping styles and strategies.

Dogs as a Resource to Children of Alcoholics

Presenter(s):  Josselyn Kalber
Mentor(s): Jonathan Davis
Session: 2
Poster #: D7

Abstract:  Research has consistently shown that human-animal interaction enhances mental health and attachment in children and adolescents. However, there is limited research on the role of dogs as a resource for children growing up in households with alcoholic parents. Given that one in 17 children grows up in these environments, further study is needed on a resource that is often already present in the home. This study aims to examine how dogs can serve as support for children of alcoholics. Sixty-two anonymous respondents completed a survey that included the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS), the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST), the Monash Dog Owner Relationship Scale (MDORS), and other standard demographic questions. The mean score for overall wellness was lower than that of existing population samples, and 35% of participants met the criteria for living in a home with an alcoholic parent. Those who grew up with dogs reported higher overall well-being and were statistically less likely to have been raised in a household with an alcoholic compared to those who did not own dogs. Findings suggest that dogs are valuable resources for children of alcoholics.

Eldest Daughter Trauma

Presenter(s):  Ava Michaux, Caroline Himel
Mentor(s): Jonathan Davis
Session: 2
Poster #: G1

Abstract:  Psychologists, marriage and family therapists, and popular culture often refer to the concept of "Eldest Daughter Syndrome", though it is not a diagnosable condition in the DSM-5. Due to the lack of centralized research on this concept, this study shifts focus toward what is diagnosable: trauma. The DSM-5 defines trauma as involving actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, while excluding psychosocial stressors (e.g., parentification, neglect) that do not involve immediate physical harm. The researchers hypothesized that experiences of parentification and neglect, particularly when combined with the cognitive role of being an eldest daughter, would negatively impact mental health in adulthood, a phenomenon they term "Eldest Daughter Trauma." To explore this relationship, the study used the 3-Factor Parentification Inventory and the newly developed Eldest Daughter Trauma (EDT) Scale. A total of 169 participants, predominantly female (98.8%), completed a survey assessing these constructs. Descriptive analyses revealed that eldest and middle children reported higher levels of parentification, while youngest children exhibited the lowest levels. Inferential analyses showed significant correlations between the EDT Scale and all three factors of the Parentification Inventory, with eldest siblings scoring the highest on both measures. Additionally, the analysis demonstrated a direct correlation between birth order, parentification, and negative mental health outcomes, supporting the hypothesis. Reliability testing of the EDT Scale, with Cronbach's alpha (a = .727), confirmed its internal consistency. These findings highlight the impact of birth order on psychological well-being and support the EDT Scale as a reliable tool for future research on family dynamics and mental health.

Nature & Neurons: The Role of Environmental Justice in Cognitive Function and Protein Expression

Presenter(s): Anabel Braziel
Mentor(s): William Holt
Session: 1
Poster #: D7

Abstract: The intersection of environmental justice and neuroscience reveals a connection between ecological disparities and their neurological effects, underscoring the need for equitable policies to protect public health. This project synthesizes research from multiple disciplines on environmental hazards while raising awareness of the necessity for lawmakers to incorporate these findings into their policies. Humans share the same fundamental biology, particularly the brain, making access to a healthy environment not just a necessity, but a human right. Environmental justice means fair treatment and active involvement of all people, regardless of race, income, or background, in environmental policies aimed at addressing the disproportionate impact of environmental hazards. Emerging around the early 1980s, both fields have advanced through parallel research and discoveries. Existing laws and regulations fail to incorporate neuroscience findings to enhance communities and improve public well-being. However, some states are taking action to mitigate harm, such as the 2024 Montana Supreme Court ruling affirming the state's constitutional right to a stable climate. This recognition is vital, as pollutants can disrupt protein expression, the process by which gene information is used to synthesize proteins, leading to health issues. Exposure to inhalable particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less impacts verbal learning and high nitrogen dioxide levels reduce logical memory. Additionally, disparities in neuroscience research representation have been identified with 85.6% of participants in global clinical trials being White, emphasizing the need for diverse study designs to ensure precise public health measurements. Given the brain's significant role in regulating the human body, including its influence on protein expression, environmental laws, and policies should integrate neuroscience research to protect public health and promote more informed, effective legislation.

Antonio de Montesinos, Even the Rain, and the Church: Frameworks to understand coloniality in Latin America

Presenter(s): Ella Hill
Mentor(s): Kelly Jensen
Session: 1
Poster #: A2 

Abstract:  This essay explores contemporary expressions of coloniality in the Latin American church, particularly its role in shaping indigenous identity and reinforcing colonial power structures. The paper first analyzes the famous sermon of Spanish-Dominican friar, Antonio de Montesinos: "Cry of Montesinos," whose denunciation of indigenous mistreatment remains a foundational critique of colonial oppression. The study then investigates how the film, Even the Rain/Tambien la Lluvia, appropriates Montesinos' legacy, exposing the persistence of colonial power structures in Latin America through economic exploitation, racial hierarchies, and indigenous resistance. This study argues that this film serves as a critical lens for recognizing the persistence of coloniality in religious narratives and institutions in contemporary Latin America, revealing how the Church's historical role in indigenous oppression continues to shape modern discourse and power structures. By also investigating media interpretations and their impact will also contribute to a deeper understanding of the identity of indigenous peoples, and how the religious figures and the church have contributed to these perceptions. The religious element has been a formative aspect of Latin American culture and history, making its role in sustaining or challenging colonial legacies essential to understanding the region's ongoing struggles with inequality and indigenous identity. By using the film as a framework from which to explore these enduring power structures, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how coloniality continues to shape Latin American societies and how media can serve as a tool for both reinforcing and challenging these narratives.

Visual Testimonies of Violence: Dictatorships, Human Rights, and the Pursuit of Justice in Latin America

Presenter(s): Kiara Guerrero
Mentor(s): Kelly Jensen
Session: 1
Poster #: G1

Abstract:  Latin American dictatorships left a deep mark of violence and repression, and their consequences continue to affect these communities today. Beyond official reports and written documents, the visual art created during this period of time offers a raw and direct way of understanding the impact of these authoritarian regimes. This paper will examine how the regimes in Peru (1980-2000) and Argentina (1970-1990) cultivated an environment of violence, particularly against, indigenous communities, and how these experiences were portrayed in art. It will look into art exhibits for both countries, set in national museums. By analyzing various forms of visual art, this study explores how victims and their societies processed, endured, and resisted human rights abuses, embedding collective memory and historical trauma into artistic expression. By investigating patterns of repression, violent crimes, and their long-term consequences, this study contributes to discussions on memory, impunity, and collective resistance, revealing how art functions as both testimony and cultural defiance.

Spanish Roots, American Threads: Vygotsky and the Cultural Stakes of Puerto Rican Statehood

Presenter(s): Frederick Bishop
Mentor(s): Kelly Jensen
Session: 1
Poster #: I2

Abstract:  For many Puerto Ricans, opposition to statehood stems from a quiet dread of cultural erosion‚Äîan anxiety informed by Hawaii's struggle with language attrition, indigenous displacement, and the commercialization of its heritage following U.S. statehood. This interdisciplinary paper applies Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theories - linking language, art, and education to cognitive and cultural identity - to hypothesize Puerto Rico's fate as a potential 51st state. Through Vygotsky's lens, two possible trajectories emerge: without careful legislative protections, statehood risks eroding Spanish fluency, silencing artistic traditions, and fracturing community learning, while strategic safeguards could preserve Puerto Rico's bilingual vibrancy and cultural roots. Using comparative case studies, this study bridges theory and practice, drawing on models from Hawaii, Alaska, Quebec, and other regions to propose policies such as bilingual codification, economic regulations, arts funding, and land protections. Ultimately, it argues that Puerto Rico's heritage will either weave itself into the cultural tapestry of the United States as a vibrant thread or be left threadbare‚Äîreduced to colonial commodification‚Äîdepending on the stipulations of its transition from commonwealth to statehood. By applying Vygotsky's framework to this pressing geopolitical debate, this study enriches discussions on cultural preservation, offering various strategies for sustaining identity amid political change and inviting broader reflection on postcolonial futures.

The Outcast: Exploring the Themes of Cultural Difference and Hospitality During the Spanish Reconquista through El Cantar de Mio Cid

Presenter(s): TJ Riggs
Mentor(s): Sara Ortega-Higgs
Session: 2
Poster #: I2 

Abstract:  This essay explores the theme of hospitality in the medieval Spanish epic poem Cantar de Mio Cid, focusing on the contrasting treatment of the protagonist, Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar (El Cid), by the Christian and Moorish communities. Hospitality in the medieval Iberian Peninsula was a moral and social duty that reflected honor, reciprocity, and the cultural complexities of the Reconquista. The essay examines how El Cid's exile by King Alfonso VI and rejection by Christian statesmen represents a failure of social and moral obligations, while the warm reception he receives from the Moors underscores the universality of hospitality as a value that transcends religious and cultural divisions. Through a detailed analysis of the text, the essay argues that hospitality functions as a critique of rigid social norms and reveals insights into intercultural relations. By highlighting the reciprocity and shared values between El Cid and his Moorish allies, the poem shows that morality and honor are not limited to one faith or group. Ultimately, the Cantar de Mio Cid presents hospitality as a powerful force for unity and coexistence, offering a timeless message about the potential for human connection in divided worlds.

Interactive Visualization and Analysis of Retail Data: An R Shiny Application for Enhanced Market Insights

Presenter(s):  Drew Middleton, Samuel Johnson
Mentor(s): Mingwei Sun
Session: 1
Poster #: B1

Abstract:  This research creates a user-friendly R Shiny application that makes the complex analyses and results of a retail analytics study conducted for a local small business accessible to a broader audience, including stakeholders, researchers, and policy makers. The app features interactive graphs, tables, and regression model results, providing an in-depth understanding of the retail dynamics and trends in the industry. The application transforms complex statistical data analytics into easily interpretable formats, enhancing transparency and usability of the data for various stakeholders. By integrating analytical tools directly within the app, users will be able to perform on-the-spot analyses, thus improving the immediacy and relevance of data-driven insights in business and regulatory contexts. It also potentially serves as a model for other industries characterized by complex regulatory frameworks and market conditions.

Statistical Analytics of Employee Performance and Well-being

Presenter(s): Luke Wilson Morgan
Mentor(s): Mingwei Sun
Session: 1
Poster #: B1

Abstract:  Employee well-being is crucial for organizational success. This study analyzes job satis- faction using two integrated datasets, examining work-life balance (WLB), workload, salary, and career progression. Regression analysis shows that WLB positively influences satisfac- tion (p < 0.001), while workload has a strong negative impact. LASSO regression identifies WLB (beta = 0.21), workload (beta = -0.21), stress (beta = -0.23), and sleep hours (beta = 0.23) as key predictors of job satisfaction, while experience and physical activity have minimal impact. Surprisingly, salary shows a very weak association with satisfaction level. Em- ployees with higher salaries tend to have slightly higher satisfaction, but the relationship is not strong, suggesting that higher-paying roles may increase stress. Employees with recent promotions report higher satisfaction (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the need for balanced workloads, structured career growth, and work-life policies to enhance employee retention and satisfaction.

Combatting the "Freshmen 15" Through the Implementation of Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Factors

Presenter(s):  Rachel Nickerson, Natalie Brauchler, Sally Ann Peacock, Lauren Adamo, Emma Spencer, Mary Grace Maddox Gayda, and Natalee Emerson
Mentor(s):  Cindy Berry
Session: 1
Poster #: A1

Abstract:  The transition to college presents numerous challenges that can impact students' health, specifically in the areas of diet, physical activity, and mental health. Research highlights the common theory of weight gain, often referred to as the "Freshman 15," which is influenced by changes in dietary habits, decreased physical activity, increased stress, and shifting social dynamics. Studies suggest that educating students early in their college career about health habits significantly influences long-term wellness, emphasizing the importance of balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and mental health support. This planned quality improvement project proposes an educational offering to be included in an established Samford wellness course. Participants will be freshmen at Samford. The aim of this educational offering is to encourage students to develop sustainable health habits early on – which can lead to improved overall well-being and long-term health outcomes. This study analyzes the effects of unmet nutritional, exercise, and mental health needs in first-year college students while providing resources such as campus dietitians, mental health services, and educational programs to promote healthier lifestyles. The effectiveness of this course will evaluate and determine whether educational learning takes place. Students will be evaluated at the beginning and end of the course through surveys and the use of an investigator developed tool. A valuable outcome would be that the students will develop and implement goals and strategies relevant to diet, exercise, and mental health in order to promote overall wellness throughout all of college and beyond.

What are the implications of exposure to pesticides for women's breast cancer risk?

Presenter(s): Ella Ingram
Mentor(s):  Rachel Bailey
Session: 1
Poster #: B8 

Abstract:  Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women worldwide, with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to its risk. Among environmental exposures, pesticides have garnered increasing attention due to their potential role as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that may interfere with hormonal regulation and contribute to breast cancer development. This study aims to assess the implications of pesticide exposure on breast cancer risk in women by reviewing recent epidemiological evidence. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed database to identify peer-reviewed studies published in the last five years. The search terms included (exposure) AND (pesticides) AND (risk) AND (woman) AND ((breast cancer) OR (breast neoplasms) OR (breast tumor)). Inclusion criteria required studies to be cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort designs, focusing on human adult female populations. Review articles, meta-analyses, editorials, commentaries, and studies not specifically addressing pesticides or breast cancer were excluded. Data extraction focused on study design, exposure pathways (dietary, occupational, and environmental), and measured outcomes.

What Are The Effects of Stunting from Sewage Exposure in Children?

Presenter(s): Kaleigh Slagle
Mentor(s):  Rachel Bailey
Session: 1
Poster #: C7

Abstract: Stunting in children is a critical issue with lasting impact on cognitive ability, health, and well-being. Sewage contamination contains harmful toxins which can pose significant risks to children, especially those in low-income areas. This research question was broadened to better understand the relationship between stunting and sewage exposure in children, with hopes to expand future research in Central America. In addition to physical and mental stunting in children and sewage exposure, this systematic review will also focus on cohort and cross-sectional studies. This review will be conducted through PubMed using advanced search filters. Articles that meet the selection criteria will be labeled for inclusion. A data extraction table will be utilized to organize and analyze findings. Through this research I hope to gain knowledge on crucial public health problems and identify solutions.

The Impact of Maternal Antibiotic Use During Pregnancy on Infant Gut Microbiome and Dysbiosis

Presenter(s): Caley Ingram
Mentor(s): Rachel Bailey
Session: 1
Poster #: D6 

Abstract:  Would you believe that some bacteria can actually be beneficial? The human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiome, plays a vital role in our overall health and development, with long-lasting effects on disease resistance and immune function. During pregnancy, the maternal microbiome significantly influences the developing fetus, yet one common intervention, antibiotics, can disrupt this delicate microbial environment. This research aims to investigate the effects of maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy on the infant's gut microbiome, particularly focusing on the early signs of dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance linked to various health complications such as immune dysfunction, allergies, and metabolic disorders. Through a systematic review of current literature and an analysis of relevant studies, this project explored how maternal antibiotic use may increase the risk of dysbiosis in infants. The study's findings contribute to the growing understanding of the potential long-term consequences of antibiotic use during pregnancy, shedding light on the unseen impacts of this widely used treatment. Key search terms on PubMed relating to the gut microbiome were used, including:(""Dysbiosis""[Mesh]) AND ""Mothers""[Mesh]; (""Dysbiosis""[Mesh]) AND ""Infant""[Mesh]; (""Dysbiosis""[Mesh]) AND ""Mother-Child Relations""[Mesh]. Additionally, general terms such as ""Dysbiosis"", ""Maternal"", and ""Infant"" were also used to ensure comprehensive retrieval of relevant studies. By identifying the risks associated with antibiotic exposure, this work aims to inform more targeted, evidence-based guidelines for maternal antibiotic use, ensuring both maternal and infant health are safeguarded. This research highlights the importance of considering the microbiome when prescribing antibiotics during pregnancy and offers insight into the need for cautious intervention to protect future generations from potential health issues linked to gut dysbiosis.

Listen Up: Headphone Usage and Hearing Loss

Presenter(s):  Taylor Gentle, Ginger Eubank, Fraser Johnston, Amy Roberts, Meg Miller, Carmen Bailey
Mentor(s): Melondie Carter
Session: 1
Poster #: F3

Abstract:  Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a growing concern among college students due to frequent headphone and earbud use of unsafe volumes. Many students remain unaware of the long-term risks associated with prolonged exposure to high-decibel sound. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on students' awareness and listening behaviors related to NIHL prevention. Students administered a pre-survey to assess baseline knowledge and listening habits, followed by an educational session focused on hearing health and NIHL prevention strategies. Following the intervention, a post-survey was conducted, with a follow-up survey administered two weeks later to assess behavioral changes. The study sought to increase student awareness by 70% and achieve a 30% implementation rate of safer listening practices. Results demonstrated that educational efforts improved student awareness and positively influenced listening behaviors. The findings underscore the role of education in promoting hearing health and preventing NIHL, with increases in both knowledge and self-reported behavior changes.

Umbrella review of epidemiological and toxicological evidence on health effects of fluoride

Presenter(s):  Gabe Groark
Mentor(s): Rachel Bailey
Session: 1
Poster #: I1

Abstract:  The purpose of my project is to review how over exposure to fluoride via drinking water affects humans. This umbrella review analyzes recent systematic reviews on fluoride to assess current knowledge and evidence. Halogens are put in water to disinfect water or prevent tooth decay, but a high concentration of halogens can potentially cause long-term health issues. Fluoride is a halogen that is good for the human teeth in low amounts, but prolonged exposure may be toxic. I used PubMed to search for systematic reviews of fluoride and drinking water. This work is important because it gathers available evidence and provides data for policy makers seeking to balance the benefits and risks.

What are the neurological effects of mercury exposure from fish consumption during pregnancy on fetal brain development?

Presenter(s):  Addie Hunter
Mentor(s): Rachel Bailey
Session: 2
Poster #: B1

Abstract:  Mercury exposure, primarily through fish consumption, has been linked to neurodevelopmental impairments in children, with approximately 630,000 babies born each year in the U.S. at risk of developmental effects. This has become a significant public health concern due to its potential impact on fetal neurodevelopment. This systematic review looks into peer-reviewed articles about the effects of maternal mercury exposure on children's neurodevelopmental outcomes. The source of the articles was collected using PubMed with defined search terms to find relevant peer-reviewed studies. Titles and abstracts were read to see if they were eligible to the predefined criteria, and after that full-text articles were read to see if they were good quality for the systematic review. Studies that lacked relevant assessments or neurodevelopmental measures were excluded. Understanding these risks is essential for shaping public health policies and safeguarding maternal and child health.

Evaluating the Impact of Community Health Worker (CHW) Engagement on Maternal and Infant Health Disparities among African American Women in Alabama

Presenter(s):  Kayla Torres
Mentor(s): Rachel Bailey
Session: 2
Poster #: B8

Abstract:  Maternal and infant health disparities is a critical public health issue in the United States, particularly in Alabama, where African American women are disproportionately affected. In 2023, the maternal mortality rate for African American women in Alabama was 100 per 100,000 live births, nearly double the national rate of 51 per 100,000. Similarly, the state's infant mortality rate was 11.4 per 1,000 live births, compared to 10.6 per 1,000 nationally, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. This study evaluates the impact of Community Health Worker (CHW) interventions on maternal and infant health outcomes among African American women in high-area deprivation index (ADI) communities in Alabama. The intervention included prenatal education, healthcare navigation, and community resource connections to address social determinants of health. A standardized CHW workflow, intervention protocol, and training were implemented to guide CHW engagement. The analysis is based on secondary data from medical records of 21 participants who received CHW support. Measures include birthweight, breastfeeding initiation, prenatal visit frequency, and CHW contact numbers. CHW case notes documented barriers to care, challenges faced, and resources provided. Participants identified transportation barriers, financial constraints, and insurance issues as major obstacles to prenatal care. CHWs addressed these by coordinating transportation, connecting participants to financial assistance, and assisting with insurance enrollment. CHWs also provided education on prenatal care, breastfeeding, and maternal health, leading to greater prenatal care utilization and improved health literacy. Findings support CHW integration as a scalable, sustainable approach to reducing maternal and infant health disparities in underserved communities. This study demonstrates a replicable CHW intervention model and provides evidence-based recommendations for policymakers and public health stakeholders.

Pesticides vs. Preterm Birth

Presenter(s):  Nyah Anderson
Mentor(s): Rachel Bailey
Session: 2
Poster #: C7

Abstract:  Preterm birth is a critical issue in maternal and neonatal health, potentially influenced by environmental factors. This study examines whether exposure to pesticide use in agricultural areas affects the risk of preterm birth compared to non-exposure. While the effects of environmental toxins on pregnancy are generally studied, limited research specifically addresses the connection between agricultural pesticide exposure and preterm birth. By investigating this association, the study aims to inform healthcare practices and policies to reduce harmful exposures in agricultural communities, potentially minimizing adverse pregnancy outcomes. A literature review using PubMed identified about 20 relevant studies. While many partially addressed the research question, some studies noted a link between pesticide exposure and preterm birth, with a potentially higher risk for female infants than males. These findings highlight gaps in understanding the specific relationship between agricultural pesticide exposure and preterm birth, particularly concerning gender differences. This research aims to identify environmental risk factors for preterm birth, guiding public health policies and healthcare recommendations for pregnant women in agricultural settings. By emphasizing the need for more research on the direct impact of agricultural pesticide exposure, this work contributes to understanding preventable risk factors, advancing maternal-fetal health outcomes, and supporting efforts to reduce harmful environmental exposures. Future research could benefit from more comprehensive data collection, including bio monitoring and longitudinal studies, to better understand the mechanisms linking pesticide exposure to preterm birth.

Cultural Health Barriers and the Dominican Republic

Presenter(s):  Amelia Whitefield, Isaac Forst
Mentor(s): Tiffany Robayna
Session: 2
Poster #: D6

Abstract:  Latino patients face significant healthcare barriers, including language obstacles, financial constraints, and cultural differences. Additionally, limited health education leaves many uninformed about hygiene, disease prevention, and chronic condition management. Through working with an interdisciplinary team of nurses and Spanish students we provided pop up clinics in the Dominican for two weeks. During our time there, we were able to collect data with the information we collected from the patients in Triage. Additionally, we were able to talk with the people through small interviews and find out more about their healthcare treatment and needs.Through these clinical observations and interviews in the Dominican Republic, we identified major challenges such as lack of insurance, hospital facilities, and financial limitations, which often result in worsening health conditions. Research from Hispanics and the Future of America highlights insurance as a key predictor of healthcare utilization. Economic struggles further restrict access to nutritious food and wellness activities, exacerbating health disparities. Addressing these challenges requires improved language accessibility, culturally competent care, and expanded health education. By enhancing communication and awareness, healthcare providers can better support Latino communities in managing their health.

Online Purchasing, Offline Consequences

Presenter(s):  Amelia Whitefield, Isaac Forst
Mentor(s): Cindy Berry
Session: 2
Poster #: D6

Abstract:  This project addresses the increasing prevalence of impulsive online purchasing among undergraduate college students, highlighting its detrimental effects on emotional and financial wellness. When undergraduate students combine their impulsive online purchasing with high levels of stress and low self-esteem, it can lead to damaging outcomes such as financial instability and emotional distress. The project explores the motivations behind these purchasing behaviors and aims to examine whether the implementation of healthy coping strategies can improve students' emotional and financial well-being. The project emphasizes the need for undergraduate students to develop mindfulness and financial literacy skills to decrease these impulsive behaviors. Undergraduate participants will voluntarily attend 4 weeks of educational sessions and will be recruited using campus-wide announcements, emails, and social media advertisements. The project's effectiveness will be evaluated using pre and post-session surveys. The surveys will consist of 5-8 questions incorporating financial and emotional awareness. It will ask how often you make impulsive online purchases, if you use online shopping as a coping mechanism, and whether you have ever regretted an impulsive purchase due to financial consequences. Following the month of educational sessions, post surveys will include questions like: How confident do you feel in managing your financial habits? Did the session improve your understanding of financial literacy? And What specific strategy do you plan to use to manage impulsive buying? This project is a planned quality improvement project that has not already been executed. However, if that were the case, financial educators and licensed counselors would lead the program, incorporating mindfulness techniques to improve budgeting skills and curb impulsive spending. By creating an educational session that intertwines healthy coping mechanisms, financial literacy, and counseling, undergraduate college students may be encouraged to suppress their impulsive purchasing behaviors.

The Effects of 2 Week Supplementation of Omega-3s or Probiotics on Memory

Presenter(s):  Macey Thompson
Mentor(s):  John Petrella, Ashley Licata
Session: 2
Poster #: I1

Abstract:  There is a high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases in the United States. Alzheimers is considered an epidemic that affects 5.3 million people (Terry, 2011). Preventative measures to slow memory decline or even strengthen memory in a younger population is an important area of research. In recent years, the gut-brain axis has been a prevalent area of study. One of these areas of study is the supplementation of probiotics and how their impact on the gut can impact the brain's functions (Ansari, 2023). In another area of study, omega-3s have been known to have an important impact on different cognitive functions such as learning, memory, and task performance (Dighriri, 2022). There is little information that proves whether probiotics or omega-3s are a more effective memory enhancer. In addition, most research on this topic has shown that supplementation has been most effective on cognitive change during a 4-6-week period (Eastwood). Therefore, our study explored the comparison between probiotics and omega-3s and which one had a bigger impact on memory during a two-week period. There are several gaps in knowledge being explored, such as the effect of the gut-brain connection, a short supplementation period, a young population. Men and women aged 18-25 were recruited to participate in this study. They participated in two different meetings. At the first meeting, the participants took three online memory tests, Visual Episodic Memory Test, a Visual Memory Test, and a Visual Working Memory Span Test. After two weeks of supplementation, the second meeting occurred, and the participants took the same tests that were taken at the first meeting. There was no change based on the type of supplementation that was given, nor the type of test that was taken. This indicates that two weeks is not a sufficient amount of time to see a change in cognitive function with the supplementation of Omega-3s or probiotics.

A Scoping Review of the Effectiveness of Health Literacy Interventions on Vaccine Uptake in Hispanic Populations

Presenter(s): Kenneth Machado Figueroa
Mentor(s): Georges Adunlin
Session: 1
Poster #: A8

Abstract:  Background: Health literacy is essential for improving health outcomes, particularly in underserved populations like Hispanics. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of health literacy interventions to increase vaccine uptake among Hispanic populations. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Google Scholar to identify studies published within the last five years. Inclusion criteria required studies to report on vaccine hesitancy or attitudes, address Hispanic community health literacy, explore barriers and facilitators, and be available in English. A total of 33 studies were included, representing diverse settings, populations, and research designs. Results: The findings revealed significant barriers to vaccine uptake, including misinformation, logistical challenges, and distrust in healthcare systems. Facilitators such as Community Health Worker (CHW)-led initiatives, bilingual communication strategies, and healthcare provider recommendations were identified as critical for improving vaccine confidence and access. Interventions like multimedia campaigns, social media outreach, and health literacy training demonstrated measurable improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and vaccine uptake. However, systemic challenges, such as socioeconomic inequities and healthcare access, remain persistent obstacles. Conclusion: Health literacy interventions significantly enhance vaccine uptake among Hispanic communities. Future efforts should integrate culturally tailored education, community engagement, and systemic reforms to promote equitable health outcomes. Public health initiatives can mitigate disparities and build trust by addressing barriers and leveraging facilitators, ultimately fostering healthier communities.

The Role of Community Pharmacists in Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Screening: A Systematic Review

Presenter(s): Sarah Kate Horsley, Mattie Patzke, Riley Atkinson, Andrew Lockridge
Mentor(s): Georges Adunlin
Session: 1
Poster #: B7 

Abstract:  Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Screening and early detection significantly reduce CRC mortality. Although community pharmacists are trusted and highly accessible healthcare providers, their role and impact on CRC prevention and screening have not been well-documented. Purpose: To identify and evaluate the existing evidence on the role and impact of community pharmacists in colorectal cancer prevention and screening initiatives. Methods: A systematic literature search of five databases was undertaken to identify the evidence. The search period was from 2010 to 2024. The terms used in the search strategy were related to CRC, community pharmacists, and intervention. Study eligibility was determined using predefined inclusion criteria. Results: 237 studies were identified, with 15 meeting the inclusion criteria. Most studies used a cross-sectional design (n=6) and were conducted in the U.S (n=6). The studies examined various interventions, including patient education, supportive counseling, and screening referrals. They also assessed pharmacists' attitudes, knowledge, willingness, perceptions, barriers, and facilitators related to CRC health promotion. Overall, community pharmacists exhibited moderate knowledge of CRC signs and symptoms while maintaining positive attitudes toward CRC health promotion. Barriers to pharmacist-led interventions included lack of time, insufficient personnel, inadequate training, limited CRC educational materials, and privacy constraints, while reimbursement was identified as a key enabler. Conclusions: Community pharmacists may play a crucial future role in assessing CRC symptoms beyond their established role in education and awareness. Their accessibility and expertise could be especially beneficial in areas with limited healthcare services. Therefore, reimbursement is needed to support community pharmacists providing CRC prevention and screening services.

Effects of Herbal Products on Paclitaxel Metabolism

Presenter(s): Kaitlyn Madson
Mentor(s):  Greg Gorman
Session: 1
Poster #: C6 

Abstract:  Paclitaxel is a taxane chemotherapy, which functions by increasing stability of microtubules leading to cell cycle arrest at the late G2 phase thus interfering with replication of cells. Inhibiting the cell cycle therefore results in cell death of cancer cells. Paclitaxel is currently used in the treatment of many types of cancers including ovarian, esophageal, breast, and non-small cell lung cancer. Chemotherapy is associated with numerous side effects such as nausea and vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, muscle pain, allergic reactions, and low blood cell counts. More severe but rare reactions include heart failure, arrhythmias, and kidney or liver damage. Chemotherapy is currently the most utilized cancer treatment; therefore, minimizing side effects could increase patient tolerability and provide better patient outcomes for a large population of cancer patients. Paclitaxel is extensively and predominantly metabolized in the liver, where it is converted from active drug to inactive metabolites. Inhibiting this could allow for a lower dose of drug that would provide the same chemotherapeutic effects, but less side effects due to lower levels of inactive metabolites. This study examined 16 herbal compounds and evaluated their effects on metabolism of paclitaxel. In vitro metabolism with human liver enzymes was used for this experiment and metabolites were identified and quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Three of the 16 herbals were shown to significantly increase the concentration of the active form while minimizing conversion to the inactive metabolites. Each of the three herbals that showed effect were then assessed at doses that would be safe for human consumption to evaluate the most effective dose.

Characterization of Spirulina-Derived Adjuvants for Immunogenic Enhancement in Oncology Vaccines

Presenter(s): Tiffany Williams
Mentor(s): Bernadette D'Souza, Lori Coward
Session: 1
Poster #: D5 

Abstract:  Purpose: Vaccines are becoming safer due to new technologies that use sub-unit components of the pathogen rather than using whole live or inactivated organism. However, these safer vaccines sometimes fail to trigger a strong enough immune response on their own. Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to help the body stimulate a more robust immune response. For cancer, immunomodulatory molecules can be used as adjuvants to boost immune activity. Spirulina, a type of blue-green algae often used as a health supplement, contains natural compounds that may also help activate the immune system. These include pigments and sugars that are known to boost certain immune signals and help cells build memory to the pathogenic unit. Because of this, Spirulina might be useful as a natural product adjuvant for cancer vaccines. But since Spirulina’s composition can vary depending on where and how it’s grown, its effectiveness might also vary. Methods: To investigate this, Spirulina from five different organic sources was extracted using a 50% ethanol-water step method then spray dried into a powder. The chemical content of each was analyzed using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) a technique that separates and identifies components in a sample. The analysis uses a Luna C18 column with mobile phase A (water-acetic acid) and mobile phase B (water-acetonitrile-acetic acid) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Each sample was prepared at 1 mg/mL concentration of extracted spirulina, and the results were recorded by detecting light absorbance at 275 nm. Results: To achieve optimal and accurate comparisons, we had to adjust the HPLC method. The analysis showed clear differences in chemical makeup of Spirulina in different sources in terms of content and levels. This suggests that the composition of Spirulina varies on its source, which may impact its potential as a vaccine adjuvant. Conclusion: The next step is to test which specific components from Spirulina trigger a strong immune response in a mouse cell cultures (another section of the same project). This will help determine the source and component of Spirulina works best as a natural product adjuvant.

GRACE in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Addressing Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 Concerns on QALY Metrics

Presenter(s): Banks Presson
Mentor(s):  Georges Adunlin
Session: 2
Poster #: A1 

Abstract:  The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) has raised significant concerns regarding using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) in healthcare decision-making, mainly due to potential ethical and discriminatory implications. To address these objections, this work-in-progress explores the implementation of the Generalized Risk-Adjusted Cost-Effectiveness (GRACE), an alternative framework for evaluating treatment outcomes, in comparing apixaban (Eliquis) to warfarin for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). NVAF is a prevalent condition associated with a high risk of stroke, necessitating effective anticoagulation strategies. Apixaban, a direct oral anticoagulant, has demonstrated superior efficacy and safety compared to warfarin in clinical trials; however, traditional QALY-based analyses may not fully capture the nuanced benefits of this therapy. By leveraging GRACE, this study aims to provide a more equitable and patient-centered evaluation of treatment outcomes while addressing limitations inherent in QALY metrics. Preliminary findings suggest that GRACE offers a robust framework for assessing comparative effectiveness and value in NVAF management. This ongoing research has the potential to influence policy decisions by aligning healthcare resource allocation with patient needs and societal values, particularly in light of the IRA.

The Immunomodulatory Effects of the Ethanolic Extract of Butterfly Pea on Dendritic Cells: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy

Presenter(s): Elijah M. Carswell, Adriana A. Alonso Salgado
Mentor(s):  Bernadette D'Souza
Session: 2
Poster #: A8

Abstract:  Purpose: Does treatment with Butterfly Pea (Clitoria Ternatea) ethanolic extract result in immune stimulation of murine dendritic cells? "Immunotherapy" can be defined as any treatment that leverages the host immune system to recognize and respond to infectious and non-infectious diseases. Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, leveraging the body's immune system to target and eliminate malignant cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) that can present antigens on their surface and cross-present them to the adaptive immune system has been the cornerstone of robust vaccines. Vaccine adjuvants are molecules that boost the effectiveness of vaccines; yet there are only a handful of adjuvants on the market. This study explores the use of butterfly pea as a natural product adjuvant. Methods: We measured the efficacy of a South American herb, the Butterfly Pea, to stimulate dendritic cells in vitro. Components of the root, stem, and flowers of this plant were extracted using ethanol/water and incubated with DC cells for 24 hours. Flow cytometry was used to quantify cell surface expression (MHC-I), while ELISA measured cytokines (IL-1Beta/TNF-a) in growth media. GraphPad prism was used to analyze statistical variation in treatment groups. Results: The extract increased MHC-I and TNF-a, but not IL-1Beta. This suggests enhanced antigen presentation and anti-tumor cell recruitment potential. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Clitoria Ternatea extract has immunomodulatory effects on DCs, potentially enhancing their ability to initiate anti-tumor immune responses. Further studies, including DC and T-cell co-cultures and in vivo experiments, are warranted to fully explore the therapeutic potential of Clitoria Ternatea in cancer treatment.

Evaluation of transferring patient immunization profiles between southeastern states

Presenter(s): Joshua Kota
Mentor(s):  Angela Thomason
Session: 2
Poster #: B7

Abstract:  Background: With a society that is always moving and new immunizations developing, there is a gap in care with ensuring patients receive appropriate vaccinations. Educating pharmacists on how to appropriately receive or provide this information is an equally important gap to fill. Objective: To assess state-level requirements for vaccination reporting and evaluate the regulatory frameworks governing patient immunization registry data transferring among southeastern states. Methods: This prospective study reviewed states' laws and public health regulations outlining the requirements for transferring vaccination records across state lines to prevent gaps in care. The study was conducted between June 2024 and November 2024. A standardized data collection sheet was used to assist in guiding information inquiries. Samford University granted IRB approval. Results: All eleven states determined to be in the Southeastern Region of The United States have individualized immunization databases that allow transferring of immunization records with other states via the traditional method such as a phone call or request for records. Most states' immunization databases are not synchronized for immediate transfer of data electronically. Five states mandate adult and child reporting, five states mandate child only reporting, and one state does not mandate reporting. Conclusion: State-based immunization registry programs have made major steps forward in reporting and tracking of immunizations; however, continued inconsistency between programs demonstrates a need for streamlined database integration and collaboration nationwide to prevent gaps in patient care.

Scoping review on swallowing-related anxiety in adult patients with dysphagia

Presenter(s): Katie Eisenhauer, Anna Corinne Galbreath, Mary Ellis Davies
Mentor(s): Sarah Szynkiewicz, Kelly Jackson
Session: 1
Poster #: F2

Abstract:  Adults with dysphagia often experience physical, emotional, and financial stress. Research has shown the potential for associated swallowing-related anxiety; however, limited data exist on this topic. The purpose of this scoping review was to gain a better understanding of current research regarding swallowing-related anxiety. The research question was: What is known about chronic or isolated anxiety related to swallowing in adults with any type of dysphagia? Search strings for each database searched were developed in collaboration with a library associate at Samford University (CINAHL, PubMed, PSYCHInfo). A hand search of the references from all included papers was also completed. Inclusion/exclusion criteria will be outlined on the poster. The search yielded 329 unique records. 93% inter-rater reliability was achieved during the first round of full-text screening and 22 conflicts resolved via a consensus meeting. Full results will be presented on the poster. PRISMA guidelines for reporting of scoping reviews will be followed. This work will help guide future research directions investigating the clinical impact of swallowing-related anxiety on a swallowing disorder from the patient's perspective and the speech-language pathologist's management of this issue.

Does Specialized Program Individualizing Reading Excellence (SPIRE) increase word reading in school age students?

Presenter(s):  Bailey Baxter, Meredith Nichols, Brenna Beucler, Brooke Smith, Karis Gibson, Caroline Thompson, Ella Mattingly, Kelsey Wimsatt, Lily Prout, Anna Garrett, Morgan Miller
Mentor(s): Laura Promer
Session: 2
Poster #: C6 

Abstract:  Alabama faces significant literacy challenges - 2023 reading test results indicate that 22% of students statewide are unable to read at grade level. In response, the Alabama Literacy Act mandates third graders demonstrate reading proficiency prior to advancement, placing substantial pressure on students, parents, and educators. Socioeconomic factors, particularly poverty, exacerbate these challenges, with alarming statistics showing a disproportionate number of students reading below grade level in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Recently, Birmingham City Schools reported 45% of students reading below grade level. The purpose of this prospective pre/post study was to evaluate one potential approach to improve literacy outcomes in elementary students (first and fourth grades) at a Birmingham City school. Students were provided with structured literacy treatment in small groups at school by undergraduate CSDS students for a 30-minute session one time a week for 7 weeks. Treatment was based on the SPIRE program, focusing on clinician led multisensory reading instruction. The Phonological Awareness Test (PAT-2:NU) was administered to first graders and the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE-2) was administered to fourth graders at baseline and after intervention to assess word reading ability. Nine of the 14 first graders and eleven of the 15 fourth graders qualified for participation in the study. Paired t-test results show a statistically significant improvement (p<.05) post therapy for the PAT-2:NU compared to baseline for first graders. Two of three TOWRE-2 scores increased for fourth graders, but statistical significance was not found (p>.05). Results suggest small doses of structured reading intervention with minimally trained clinicians can significantly impact word reading for first grade students. T3 data will be collected by the end of April 2025 and will also be included in the final presentation.

Exploring Vocal Hygiene Awareness: A Pre-Post Survey Study of Health Professions Students

Presenter(s): Olivia Stringer, Genevieve Waller
Mentor(s):  Kelly Jackson, Sarah Szynkiewicz
Session: 2
Poster #: D5

Abstract: The purpose of this project is to explore the vocal hygiene knowledge of health professions graduate students before and after an educational intervention on vocal anatomy, voice disorders, and vocal hygiene. Health professionals are considered professional voice users as they depend on their voice for work. Health professionals, such as physician assistants (PA), physical therapists (PT), and speech-language pathologists (SLP) are frequently employed in settings that place high demands on the voice such as schools, hospitals, and health clinics. The demands on students' voices place them at risk for the same voice disorders just like their supervisors. Information regarding how health professions students perceive voice disorders and vocal hygiene as well as educational programs on vocal hygiene for these students is scarce. The participants will include a convenience sample of students from PA, PT, and SLP graduate programs at Samford University and will be recruited from School of Health Professions courses. Students who consent to participate will complete a pre/post survey measuring knowledge about vocal anatomy, voice disorders, and vocal hygiene. The post survey will occur 3 weeks after an education video intervention. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests will be used to assess potential knowledge improvement following video education. This project will guide future research on vocal hygiene practices for students in the health professions.

The Art of Democracy: Cultural Engagement and Institutional Trust in South Korea

Presenter(s): Anna Cella
Mentor(s): Noemi Oeding, Randolph Horn, Fred Shepherd
Session: 1
Poster #: H3

Abstract:  Arts and cultural engagement invite a host of benefits, but the central focus on this project is how such engagement affects trust in political institutions in South Korea. Although previous studies have found cultural participation to be broadly correlated with civic participation, little research has been done relating it to institutional trust, an important feature of effective democracies. Drawing on the Social Capital Theory of trust, this project hypothesizes that increased cultural and arts participation is positively correlated to higher institutional trust. It tests this hypothesis using regression analysis of South Korean survey data on leisure time use and trust in various institutions. Results are forthcoming, but a positive, significant relationship between the variables is expected, controlling for covariates like age, gender, and income. Increased understanding of the benefits of engaging in the arts is important in the creation of various cultural policies that the government undertakes, with the potential for the relationship to be tested and applied beyond South Korea in the future.

Military Intervention: Objectives, Success, and Relationship to Level of Democracy

Presenter(s): Connor Watson
Mentor(s): Fred Shepherd
Session: 2
Poster #: F2

Abstract:  This study seeks to analyze how military intervention level and a target state's level of democracy changes relate to intervention success. The scholarly literature on military intervention finds mixed results on the relationship between military intervention and regime change. This paper adds to this literature by controlling for intervention objective, to determine any differences in success rates between different kinds of military interventions. It also uses a unique dependent variable that measures how long after an intervention ends the primary political objective (PPO) of the intervention stays achieved. This relationship is tested through regression analysis, which finds that there is no significant relationship between military intervention and regime change success, nor any particular kind of intervention goal, save for policy change interventions, which are correlated with a lack of success. A series of case studies are used to show why this is the case. This paper shows the complexity and difficulty of military intervention, how they frequently can be unintentionally set up to fail.

College Students' Perceptions of Moral/Immoral Actions Based on Political Beliefs

Presenter(s): Sarah Ritenour
Mentor(s): Stephen Chew
Session: 1
Poster #: K1

Abstract:  People's political beliefs and party affiliation affect their response to social issues and perception of those who disagree with them politically. This leads to the question of whether people are more likely to attribute a lack of morality and judgement to those whom they are aware disagree with their political views. The goal of this study was to gauge how college students responded to the immoral actions of those who either agree or disagree with them politically. Some participants were randomly assigned one of four scenario conditions that served as the independent variables of this study: agree/mild moral transgression, agree/severe moral transgression, disagree/mild moral transgression, and disagree/severe moral transgression; this was structured as a 2x2 between groups study. Participants then reported their response to whichever scenario they received via a five-question Likert scale, followed by a debrief of the study. The hypotheses for this study were that there would be a positive correlation between political disagreement and distrust for the individual, while there would be a negative correlation between political agreement and distrust for the individual. Analysis of survey results revealed relationships of various strengths across multiple scale items, including guilt level (F=7.533) and punishment (F=6.223).

Effects of Secular Meditation Exercises on Perceived Stress and Anxiety Levels among Undergraduate Students

Presenter(s): Samuel (Lee) Taylor
Mentor(s): Stephen Chew
Session: 2
Poster #: H3 

Abstract:  Meditation is a practice that has been around for millennia, spanning a multitude of nations, ideologies, and religions. The empirical efficacy of such exercises and practices is still in question, and they require much further research. The purpose of this study aimed to measure how undergraduate students can learn to manage or reduce perceived stress and anxiety. Participants (n = 61) were recruited to join a study following a 2x2x2 Mixed Design. The independent variables were Before, After, Meditation, and Relaxation, while the measured dependent variables were Perceived Stress and Perceived Anxiety. Recruits were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Control, Mindfulness-Only, PMRE-Only, or Combined. Each watched a specific guided video for their exercises. After watching assigned videos, they completed measurements before and after their exercises. Graphs were modeled using Microsoft Excel. Data yielded significant results for anxiety after participants practiced meditation (F(1, 33) = 6.84, p = 0.013, Partial Eta Squared = 0.172), and the main effects of both stress (F(1, 33) = 11.143, p = 0.002, Partial Eta Squared = 0.252) and anxiety (F(1, 33) = 50.162, p < 0.001, Partial Eta Squared = 0.063) were significant too. A larger sample size is needed to fully conclude the effectiveness of such exercises. This study sampled mostly female, undergraduate students at Samford University, and the results are representative of this population.

Exploring Length of Diagnosis and Type 1 Diabetes in Mental Health

Presenter(s): Giann Hoosier
Mentor(s):  Lisa Baker
Session: 2
Poster #: K1 

Abstract:  Every year, over 60,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes (Breakthrough T1D, 2024), a diagnosis with a significant impact on not only the person but their family. Little research to date has focused on the mental health aspects of this diagnosis, particularly as it relates to length of time from diagnosis. This study utilized a survey research design to explore the correlation between diabetes distress and length of time since diagnosis. Participants were recruited via social media with results providing insight into the relationship between length of time since diagnosis and self-report of distress. A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to evaluate the relationship between years since diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes and the Diabetes Distress Scale Score. There was a weak, negative relationship between years since diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes and the Diabetes Distress Scale Score. ,r(63) = -.031, p = .815. Implications include incorporating the Diabetes Distress Scale in office visits with health care providers to address areas of distress as needed.